Reality and Fiction in Virginia Woolf’s “to the Lighthouse” Essay

Reality and fiction in Virginia Woolf’s â€Å"To the Lighthouse† I have chosen this subject because I found very interesting debate, and the author is one of the greatest writers of all times. His works is large and full, his characters are contoured such that it fascinate you. Victorian period also is one of the most famous, with most changes produced in English literature To the Lighthouse is a 1927 novel by Virginia Woolf. A landmark novel of high modernism, the text, which centres on the Ramsays and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 and 1920, skillfully manipulates temporal and psychological elements. In To the Lighthouse ,one of her most experimental works, the passage of time, for example, is modulated by the consciousness of the characters rather than by the clock. The events of a single afternoon constitute over half the book, while the events of the following ten years are compressed into a few dozen pages. Many readers of To the Lighthouse, especially those who are not versed in the traditions of modernist fiction, find the novel strange and difficult. Its language is dense and the structure amorphous. Compared with the plot-driven Victorian novels that came before it, To the Lighthouse seems to have little in the way of action. Indeed, almost all of the events take place in the characters’ minds. Although To the Lighthouse is a radical departure from the nineteenth-century novel, it is, like its more traditional counterparts, intimately interested in developing characters and advancing both plot and themes. Woolf’s experimentation has much to do with the time in which she lived: the turn of the century was marked by bold scientific developments. To the Lighthouse exemplifies Woolf’s style and many of her concerns as a novelist. With its characters based on her own parents and siblings, it is certainly her most autobiographical fictional statement, and in the characters of Mr. Ramsay, Mrs. Ramsay, and Lily Briscoe, Woolf offers some of her most penetrating explorations of the workings of the human consciousness as it perceives and analyzes, feels and interacts. The Transience of Life and Work Mr. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay take completely different approaches to life: he relies on his intellect, while she depends on her emotions. But they share the knowledge that the world around them is transient—that nothing lasts forever. Mr. Ramsay reflects that even the most enduring of reputations, such as Shakespeare’s, are doomed to eventual oblivion. This realization accounts for the bitter aspect of his character. Frustrated by the inevitable demise of his own body of work and envious of the few geniuses who will outlast him, he plots to found a school of philosophy that argues that the world is designed for the average, unadorned man, for the â€Å"liftman in the Tube† rather than for the rare immortal writer. The Subjective Nature of Reality Toward the end of the novel, Lily reflects that in order to see Mrs. Ramsay clearly—to understand her character completely—she would need at least fifty pairs of eyes; only then would she be privy to every possible angle and nuance. The truth, according to this assertion, rests in the accumulation of different, even opposing vantage points. Woolf’s technique in structuring the story mirrors Lily’s assertion. She is committed to creating a sense of the world that not only depends upon the private perceptions of her characters but is also nothing more than the accumulation of those perceptions. To try to reimagine the story as told from a single character’s perspective or—in the tradition of the Victorian novelists—from the author’s perspective is to realize the radical scope and difficulty of Woolf’s project. The Lighthouse Lying across the bay and meaning something different and intimately personal to each character, the lighthouse is at once inaccessible, illuminating, and infinitely interpretable. As the destination from which the novel takes its title, the lighthouse suggests that the destinations that seem surest are most unobtainable. Just as Mr. Ramsay is certain of his wife’s love for him and aims to hear her speak words to that end in â€Å"The Window,† Mrs. Ramsay finds these words impossible to say. These failed attempts to arrive at some sort of solid ground, like Lily’s first try at painting Mrs. Ramsay or Mrs. Ramsay’s attempt to see Paul and Minta married, result only in more attempts, further excursions rather than rest. The lighthouse stands as a potent symbol of this lack of attainability. James arrives only to realize that it is not at all the mist-shrouded destination of his childhood. Instead, he is made to reconcile two competing and contradictory images of the tower—how it appeared to him when he was a boy and how it appears to him now that he is a man. He decides that both of these images contribute to the essence of the lighthouse—that nothing is ever only one thing—a sentiment that echoes the novel’s determination to arrive at truth through varied and contradictory vantage points. The Sea References to the sea appear throughout the novel. Broadly, the ever-changing, ever-moving waves parallel the constant forward movement of time and the changes it brings. Woolf describes the sea lovingly and beautifully, but her most evocative depictions of it point to its violence. As a force that brings destruction, has the power to decimate islands, and, as Mr. Ramsay reflects, â€Å"eats away the ground we stand on,† the sea is a powerful reminder of the impermanence and delicacy of human life and accomplishments. Subjective Reality The omniscient narrator remained the standard explicative figure in fiction through the end of the nineteenth century, providing an informed and objective account of the characters and the plot. The turn of the 20th century, however, witnessed innovations in writing that aimed at reflecting a more truthful account of the subjective nature of experience. Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse is the triumphant product of this innovation, creating a reality that is completely constructed by the collection of the multiple subjective interiorities of its characters and presented in a stream-of-consciousness format. Woolf creates a fictional world in which no objective, omniscient narrator is present. There is a proliferation of accounts of the inner processes of the characters, while there is a scarcity of expositional information, expressing Woolf’s perspective on the thoughts and reflections that comprise the world of the Ramsays. Time is an essential component of experience and reality and, in many ways, the novel is about the passage of time. However, as for reality, Woolf does not represent time in a traditional way. Rather than a steady and unchanging rhythm, time here is a forward motion that both accelerates and collapses. In â€Å"The Window† and â€Å"The Lighthouse,† time is conveyed only through the consciousness of the various characters, and moments last for pages as the reader is invited into the subjective experiences of many different realities. Indeed, â€Å"The Window† takes place over the course of a single afternoon that is expanded by Woolf’s method, and â€Å"The Lighthouse† seems almost directly connected to the first section, despite the fact that ten years have actually elapsed. However, in â€Å"Time Passes,† ten years are greatly compacted into a matter of pages, and the changes in the lives of the Ramsays and their home seem to flash by like scenes viewed from the window of a moving train. This unsteady temporal rhythm brilliantly conveys the broader sense of instability and change that the characters strive to comprehend, and it captures the fleeting nature of a reality that exists only within and as a collection of the various subjective experiences of reality.

African American-European American Iat Essay

The version of the IAT, that I chose to take is the African American – European American IAT. There were a few steps in order to complete the test; the first step was to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were related to my age my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. The next step of the test was to choose either ‘E,† or ‘I,† to indicate my choice of African American for a picture of a African American or European American for a picture of a European American. The next series of questions asked me to select either African American grouped with â€Å"bad,† or European American with â€Å"good’. Another series of questions was visually posed this time with, African American grouped with good and European American grouped with bad. The results show that data suggests a strong automatic preference for European American’s compared to African Americans. My automatic preference was toward European Americans. The results of this test aren’t very surprising to me. In class we were told how the test would go, so I already knew what to expect. There was a small bit of doubt whether or not the test would indicate a strong preference for one or the other at all though, because I am Hispanic. I would have speculate that based on the fact that I grew up primarily in white suburbia in a private school that almost exclusively consisted of all white students, that my preference is a subconscious choice. I am most familiar with European Americans therefore I chose them over African Americans. There is a distinction between implicit attitudes and explicit attitudes, that distinction is simple. Implicit attitudes are the attitudes that we don’t think about, they are automatic. Explicit attitudes are the attitudes that are consciously controlled. According to Gawronski and Bodenhausen, in the text, Social Psychology,†Our automatic implicit attitudes regarding someone or something often differ from our consciously controlled, explicit attitudes†(p.51). From the results of the IAT that I took, I would have to say that my implicit attitudes towards African Americans, do not match my explicit attitudes about African Americans. The reason that I believe that my implicit attitudes are different from my explicit attitudes is that I usually make a conscious decision to be friendly and welcoming to any person that I come in contact with regardless of gender, race, age, or sexual orientation. The results are mildly surprising, however, I believe that I am more accustomed to being in the company of European Americans, and therefore I show a distinct implicit attitude favoring them. Implicit attitudes are a dangerous thing; we should pay particular attention to how we label people explicitly, so that with time, we can manipulate our unconscious attitudes and impulse reactions to certain people. A good example of problems that people run into with their improper mind set comes to us from our text, Social Psychology. Age is the example Bugental and Hehman used in 2007, when they discovered that people treat the elderly differently than they do people whom are younger, they explain that â€Å"People’s perceptions of the elderly- as generally kind but frail, incompetent, and unproductive- predispose patronizing behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 308). It’s that attitude that people hold about the elderly that according to Bugental and Hehman, â€Å"predispose patronizing behavior, such as baby-talk speech that leads elderly people to feel less competent and act less capably’ (p. 308). It is important that we change our thinking, because if we continue to have the same biases, we not only do our selves a disservice in being implicitly and or explicitly inappropriate in our attitudes, but we also risk the chance of hurting others in our actions. Works Cited Myers, D. C. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Pages 51,308 Psych 312 Extra Credit 10pts 5-8-13 Eli J. Guymon Gender – Career IAT The second test that I took was the gender – career IAT. Before the test began, I was asked to report my beliefs about women versus men in the work force and women versus men in the home life. The second set of questions asked me to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were, what is my age, my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. Following those questions were questions about my family growing up, they wanted to know if I had a mother as a primary care giver, and if she worked outside of the home, specifying what she did for a living, and if there was a secondary caregiver, such as a father or step father, where they employed outside the home, and what their occupation was. The next step of the test was to choose either ‘E,† or ‘I,† to indicate my choice. The groupings in the first series of visual concepts to match were men’s names with the word men and women’s names with the word women. The next step was to match men with career minded words and women with household related words. Finally in the final sets of matching words the groupings were reversed so that men and household related items were a pair and women with career minded words belonged together. According to the results, data suggested little or no association between male and female with career and family. I did not have a automatic preference. My explicit and implicit attitudes match, I do not consciously nor do I subconscious place anyone in a group that favors either individual in the work place or family. I am not surprised by my results because I was raised in a home where my mother was a primary care giver but I also received care giving from my step father. Both my mother and my step father worked outside of the home. Both my mother and my step father shared responsibilities equally except where one person seemed to enjoy a task more than the other, that partner would assume say a specific domestic role that the other was happy to not have to do. For an example of a domestic role that both of my parents needed to be done but one seemed to favor it over the other, grilling outside, was my step fathers domestic role because my mother did not enjoy doing that work, and my step father rarely did his own laundry, because it was a task that my mother felt comfortable doing by herself.

Law of International Carriage of Goods by Sea Essay

Law of International Carriage of Goods by Sea - Essay Example Janet’s rights and TC’s obligations will be construed by reference to the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. The 1999 Act is specifically designed to protect the rights of third parties to a contract by conferring on that third party certain enforceable rights.2 The Sale of Goods Act 1979 will also apply to Janet’s case. The facts of the case for discussion reveal that Susan contracted with TC by virtue of a voyage charter for the delivery of a consignment of Russian Flagship Vodka from Russia to London. The contract incorporated the Hague-Visby Rules and contained a clause against deviation from the voyage unless it was a matter of life or death. The no-deviation clause however, did not appear in the bills of lading. In any event Susan made it clear to TC that it was imperative that the consignment of vodka arrive in London as quickly as possible since she wanted to benefit from the upcoming vodka drinking summer season. This the understanding between the parties to the contract for the shipment of Vodka from Russia to the UK. The fact that a no deviation clause does not appear on the bills of lading will not function to relieve TC of an obligation to adhere to the no deviation clause in the primary contract for the transhipment of the vodka. Article III(3) of the Hague-Visby Rules delineates the primary function of the bills of lading.3 The bills of lading will generally be useful for identifying and reconciling the goods delivered with the goods dispatched. As a result the bills of lading will describe the markings and stamps on the goods at the time of loading as well as the number of â€Å"packages, or the quantity or weight† of the goods at that particular time and the â€Å"apparent order and condition of the goods.†4 Moreover, the requirement of due diligence as contained in Article III(1) of the Hague-Visby Rules can be interpreted to include a duty of no

Credit Cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Credit Cards - Essay Example Being a student credit card can be a very useful first step toward financial independence. It is a way of building the kind of credit that can help secure my loans, housing, even employment in future. I also need immediate communication on my spending without necessarily traveling. A credit card can also be the step number one toward the kind of debt that leads to collection calls and sleepless night. Therefore, I have to make a wise decision to meet the above basic needs and within the shortest time possible. As a student and a young adult, I want to establish a credit history. Therefore, given a chance to make a decision on which credit card type to apply, I will certainly go for a student credit card. This card will allow me as a student to use my time in college to build up credit so that once I graduate I will have a good credit foundation. A student credit card can be from the same institution where I have access; I can check my account anytime. All my financial information is in one place, and payment becomes an easy task of transferring fund between accounts. In addition, just like other credit cards, a student credit card reduces the need for me carrying cash and checks this, therefore, avoids the risk losing it. If I make an unplanned, large purchase, a student credit allows me to buy it at once and settle later. It also gives me the opportunity to spread the cost of a large payment over a long period. It also gives me an opportunity to make purchases abroad without having to worry about local currency.

The articles by Livers and Culver, Glen, and Morison, et al Essay

The articles by Livers and Culver, Glen, and Morison, et al - Essay Example In my view Livers and Cavers in their article have provided a way through which blacks can be lead differently from how they are being treated in the corporate sector these days. The problems faced by the black population have been increasing because of their cultural ethnicity. The problems that the blacks are facing in the workplace become an issue and these blacks have to suffer from the problem of ‘miasma’ as laid down by Cavers. Miasma is a problem suffered by the blacks and this can lead to discouragement of these workers. The ideas given by Livers and Cavers can be implemented in a daily life setting so that the morale of the employees can be boosted. Self development is a solution for black employees which can be targeted in a workplace. This self development would help them to know about themselves and get used to the environment that they face in all kinds of settings. In a practical environment it is important that a person who has knowledge about miasma is ma de the leader so that the morale and performance of the black employees can be enhanced. Secondly Glen in his article provides a brief overview about technology and geeks. He gives an insight as to how these geeks can be helpful in a working environment. Geeks have become a source of knowledge for the corporate sector and they have to be used in the right manner. Leadership qualities are acquired and they should be used in the right manner so that the performance of the employees can be enhanced. In a practical setting it is important that the leaders know how to take advantage of technology and geeks. It is important that the leaders who are hired for this purpose should look after geeks but these leaders should ensure that they do not discriminate between workers. It is important that the leaders know how to handle these geeks properly so that they can benefit the workplace. Leadership skills to sort out geeks and technology are possible in the environment today. Moreover one can ensure that the leader knows how to use geeks and technology so that the productivity and creativity of the workplace is increased.

Effective Learning Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effective Learning Environment - Essay Example In this area, there are cushions and stools where the children can read independently. Independent reading includes rules like â€Å"no talking,† and basically, just reading to oneself. The reading corner also features books of authors they are currently studying as a class. Through this reading corner and through the rules of â€Å"no talking,† a learning environment is established. This corner is therefore highly beneficial to all the children. Most importantly, the teacher has established a comfortable environment in placing the cushions and stools. However as this reading corner has its own routine, and as it focuses on an author or a theme, the English outcomes are still being accomplished based on the English Syllabus. Under these conditions, the class is working at Stage 2, Learning to Read- Reading and Viewing Texts (Board of Studies, 2007, pg 29). The way in which Mrs. Daniels has designed the corner for reading is bound to attract the children’s attention as the space is exclusively for the children. The corner will encourage them to read, and have moments to read to themselves. Hence, attracting children’s attention and getting them excited to read links to their literacy as declared by Radcliffe (2007) in her article about literacy in the classroom. She states that â€Å"acknowledging students’ attitudes and beliefs has become (the) first step toward the literacy divide† (Radcliffe, 2007). The teacher has accomplished this by encouraging the students to read the reading materials that Mrs. Daniel uses and the activities that are related to literacy. In addition, an overall effort in organising the ‘library’ and choosing books children are interested in reveals that reading for the students’ learning is very important. More importantly, as the class may have different abilities, Mrs. Daniels adjusts to pedagogical practice (Winch, Johnston, Holliday, Lijungdhal & March, 2010);

Mg Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mg - Assignment Example Secondly, self-aware individuals exhibit humility and approachability on a unique scale (Torey, 2014). This is inspired by the fact that becoming self-aware requires one to avoid all forms of masquerades and facades, and to accept who they are and what their objectives are. Once they have found peace within themselves, they begin viewing other individuals as flawed but equally valuable in their own right. In a group setting, a self-aware leader will always try to reach out to colleagues and reassure them in all ways possible (Torey, 2014). The ability to see and accept others as imperfect but useful comes from self-awareness. Finally, a self-aware person in a group context displays confidence self-belief in an explicit and positive way (Cunningham, 2014). Self-awareness means trusting one’s judgment and thinking despite the existence of weaknesses. For example, an individual who is self-aware might have excellent technical skills and poor soft skills. However, the individual will exhibit enough confidence in his technical ability to counteract or even mask weakness in soft skills. This level of self-belief comes from

Mental health and its promotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental health and its promotion - Assignment Example and Patel, P., 2005. p. 13). Social class has inverse relationship with mental health that is, the lower a person’s position in the social class, the higher is the possibility of having a mental health problem.The service sector of the Western European countries sufferred from insecure employment with majority of the population being unemployed, poorly educated, below the poverty line, substance abuser, mental health patients, or criminals (Pilgrim, 2009, p. 181). Low income affects the likehood of developing a mental illness twice as those with average income. Usually, these people belong to the lowest position in the social class and sufferred greatly from high rate of emotional disturbance and limited access to treatment modalities and facilities in the field of health care.Covington (2008) delineates a number of reasons for the differences in availing mental health services among different social class postions: (1) deprivation and structural inequalities such as low incom e and discrimination among the lower social classes psychologically response to demoralization and feels distressed and hopeless; (2) single or multiple negative life events made a person at risk to develop mental illness; and (3) presence of social support protects the mental health of a person from adverse life events and social isolation and exclusion of lower classes from members of the society leads to poor mental health(p. 241). However, the inverse relationships identified between social class and mental health has a few exceptions and needs to be studied further. Role of Primary Care in Promoting Mental Health of Communities Mental health promotion is critical to nursing functions and nurses are challenged to respond to various demands of different social classes especially when it comes to primary care. Primary care represents the most important setting for mental health promotion because it is the first point of contact with the health services.Primary care services includ e self-referral, health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and personal social services (Barryand Jenkins, 2007, p. 256).However, mental health is often neglected in the delivery of primary care services because of lack of mental health orientation. Primary care workers have the responsibility of delivering quality care among localities. Due to the reasons that primary care is coommunity-based in nature, local primary care workers have the advantage of facilitating its role. Primary care also has a role of providing non-stigmatized health services with the collaboration from community groups such as schools, workplaces, local agencies, and voluntary organizations. As the primary mode of contact from health services, primary care offers referral of people with mental health illness. A research in United Kingdom identified 15% of people diagnosed with mental health problem, 30% see the primary care physician for the mental health problem, and 90% are being cared for in the primary care settings (Barryand Jenkins, 2007, p. 256). Primary care is in the first lead of the pathway to care in order to recognize early the presence of mental health problems. The primary care’s role is extended to the prevention of subsequent episodes of a mental health problem attack and to the promotion of physical and mental

Youth work as a profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Youth work as a profession - Essay Example According to MacDonald (2011, p. 427), a large section of the youths are not engaged in gainful employment or in mainstream income-generating activities. This situation has largely been attributed to lack or inappropriate youth policies in many countries, as well as poor implementation of youth policies. It is against this background that it is critical to have a closer look at the existing and past youth policies. More importantly, it is crucial to explore topics that relate to youth and policy and ultimately come up with sound and practical solutions to the challenges bedeviling youths of particular countries and the world at large (Chambers and Lake, 2002, p. 5). In order to create a better understanding of the youth and policy, this paper will discuss the topic of youth employment. Particularly, it will explore employment of youth and the policies surrounding employment, as well as entrepreneurship as a form of youth employment. A number of studies have shown that one of the main challenges facing the world is youth unemployment. That is why reducing youth unemployment is one of the primary concerns of most governments in the world (Chigunta, 2002, p. 18). The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that about 90 million young people across the world are unemployed; this accounts for about 50 percent of 186 million unemployed people in the world (Oliver and Pitt, 2011). A recent study conducted by the ILO found out that youth are three and half times more likely to be unemployed than adults. The study also approximated that about 660 million young people will be looking for work or working in 2015, this is a 7.5 percent increase over the 2003 figure (ILO, 2005). Undoubtedly, these figures demonstrate the need for employment creation that focuses on youth. Chambers and Lake (2002, p. 7) note that participation of young people in the labor market is widely considered as a means of improving their social and economic transition

Edcaution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Edcaution - Assignment Example Secondly, designers of norm-referenced tests should pick the content taught in the many schools, in the country. This is especially in the case of nationwide or district-wide examinations. Essay questions, true or false tests, matching questions, definition and open-ended questions are examples of criterion-referenced tests. They measure a student’s level of competence based on a preset standard without comparing him or her with peers. The objectives of the course and the curriculum inform the setting of criterion-referenced tests. These tests are most helpful when they measure students’ ability in given areas. There exists a need to ensure high validity and reliability of these tests. Firstly, designers of these tests should ensure that they pick the content matching the objectives of the course and the standards of the curriculum (Popham, 2008). A big cluster around the high end of the grading system shows many students met the standards. Secondly, the designers of these tests should suspend their biases. Bias-free tests are fair to all students regardless of gender, ethnic background, race and socio-economic status. High-stakes tests are another group of tests besides norm-referenced tests. The outcomes of these tests serve to make important decisions in people’s lives. A licensure examination is an example of a high-stakes test. This is because the results of the examination help decide the possibility of an examinee getting a permit to practice as a professional nurse (Kubiszyn & Borich, 2007). Because the results of high-stakes tests determine whether individuals get permits to do something or not, they need high reliability and validity. Speed tests measure the rate at which individuals can perform a given task. The test measures the speed of performance only and not the knowledge of individuals. There is a possibility of misusing

From Call My People Home Essay Example for Free

From Call My People Home Essay The poem is about the journey of the narrator. It was not just a simple journey away from home but a joyride of his lifetime. The narrator’s life is simple yet complicated. Though he was just a fisherman at the sea, he has many circumstances that he continues to think of. The author illustrated the narrator’s life and journey in a descriptive way that is why the poem became longer than expected. However, the argument and discussion of the narrator’s life is simple – his difficulty in seeing his family due to his work in the sea as a fisherman but in the end of the poem, he was home at last. For me, I can say that there are many passages or parts of the poem that are difficult to understand but the most difficult is in the first stanza – The snug and round one, warm as a woman / With her stove stocked at night and her lanterns lit. I do not know what the author is trying to say in this part during the first read but as I read it many times, the woman was his boat who seemed to be his own after many years. This boat became his wife and home while he was in the sea to fish for his living. On the other hand, my favorite passage in this poem is in the last stanza – For the last time, watching the naval men / Make a note of her number, take my name. / That was the end of my thirty years at the fishing / And the end of my boat, my home. This part was the most amazing and greatest part for me because it reveals the happiness and sadness of the narrator in these passages. He was happy as he ended his journey at the sea and could be able to rest but sad for it ended his attachment to his wife and home – his boat. Work Cited From Call My People Home

Descartes Meditation Essay Example for Free

Descartes Meditation Essay Descartes holds that you are more mind than body. Do you agree? What sort of priority does he intend? † In the Meditation Two: Concerning the Nature of the Human Mind, Descartes describes himself â€Å"as if I had suddenly fallen into a deep whirlpool† (pg. 492), expressing the need to work his way up and pick up where he left off the day before. He basically exclaims that he will put off all doubts and â€Å"suppose that everything is false (492)†. In this meditation he plays on the concept that the mind is greater than the body. In some respects’ I do agree with what Descartes is saying about dualism concept and how we are â€Å"thinking things (493)†. I believe the mind is more important in some manner than the body because the power the mind has to think, reason, create, dream, imagine, believe, memorize, react, desire, feel, and the ability to know and have endless ideas. Descartes agrees that he â€Å"doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, and that also imagines and senses (494). †In this section I do agree with Descartes on his view of this â€Å"thinking thing†. The mind is so incredible that we humans can’t grasp the intricate complexes that the mind has. When Descartes describes the wax example I was rather confused but after critiquing the concept I have come to realization that it does make sense. I think Descartes was desperate to find away, some way to describe the importance of the mind and using this illustration was a creative way to do so. So he describes this piece of wax how it’s hard and cold, malleable, has a slight honey flavor (494). Then he describes what happens to this wax when it goes through the different temperature cycles and how the structure of the wax changes etc. So we know that when the piece of wax is going through those physical changes it still remains to be the same piece. So seeing that we understand that the hard piece of wax and now melted piece of wax have the same properties’ must not just come from the senses because all of the sensible properties were changed. As Descartes describes that â€Å"the sense of smell, sight, touch or hearing has now changed; and yet the wax remains (495). † So from this one may think that the imagination is what this piece of wax is, but Descartes exclaims, â€Å"Therefore this insight is not achieved by the faculty of imagination. Instead he concludes that â€Å"I (Descartes) perceive it through the mind alone. † Learning this illustration is shows the importance of the mind and the corporeal body. That the body can take on many different changes, yet the mind is beauty behind everything. I can’t say that I agree with everything that Descartes is trying to express, but I do agree with the fact there are hard concepts to grasp and understand. We each have unique mind, and understanding the mind will take time and will take patience.

The Harmful Effects Of Smoking Health And Social Care Essay

The Harmful Effects Of Smoking Health And Social Care Essay There are many bad effects of smoking related to health, social and psychological level which can harm the life of a person in great detail. For smoking people grow the tobacco tree whose leave which are mostly smoked or chewed and sniffed for many different effects. Smoking which involves tobacco which then contains a certain chemical known as nicotine. Nicotine is highly addictive chemical, and a smoking person can become a slave of nicotine for very long time if he/she is not cautious a first time. Tobacco other than nicotine contains nineteen different cancer causing chemicals, and together these chemical are called tar. People smoke for different reasons such as they want to produce a sense of being well, to boost their mood, and to improve short term concentration and memory. Until recently smoking was consider good thing, and there were many advertisements for smoking in newspaper, television, and other mass media. Smoking is major health risk, but still people give different reasons for smoking most of these justifications are not very reasonable. Smoking is mostly starts at young age because teenagers think that if they start smoking they will be considered as mature, but of course they are wrong and causing serious health risk for themselves. Smoking by many is way to relax, but it comes with greater health risk for damaging the brain. Smoking is very bad habit thus it should be quitted by people, smoker dont risk their lives but lives of other which inhale the smoke (Greaves, 2002). Smoking effects differ from a person to another person depending upon exposure to chemicals of the cigarette. Smoking is not only public health issue, but also it has great financial cost on the nations. Until we stop smoking, more people will be addicted, more people will get sick, more families will be devastated by loss of loved ones, bring great damage to medical system of the nations. Harm of smoking on body of a person is enormous, and smoking should be ban from all public places. Smoking can easily make a body weak, and cause a slow and steady death. There many facts related to smoking and deaths, for instances in United States there were about 443,000 deaths by smoking, which is about one in five death every year. It is also believed that each year more deaths happen due to smoking compared to combine the deaths by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), alcohol, suicides, illegal drugs, murder and vehicle injuries. Due to smoking ninety percent of all lung cancer in men is cause d, and eighty percent of all lung cancer deaths in women. It is also estimated that deaths ninety percent of all deaths by chronic obstructive lung diseases are caused by smoking. Human body is very vulnerable to harmful effects of smoking, and it can harm our heart, lungs, blood circulation, bones, stomach, mouth, eyes, skin, reproduction and fertility. Smoking effect on heart and lung in very serious manner, in case of heart nicotine raises blood pressure and blood gets clot easily. Carbon monoxide raids the blood of oxygen and causes development of cholesterol deposits in artery walls. In case of lungs smoking causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is group of disease that includes asthmatic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are well known as silent killer diseases. Most of smokers dont know that they are affected by it until it is too late to save them. There is no cure for such type of diseases and almost fifteen percent of smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Harm to blood circulation start at by smoking, and veins and arteries get hard, narrow, and also get coated by fat deposits. This can then lead to problems such as cold skin, ulcer, cramps, pain and blockages in veins which can cause a stroke and heart attack. Smoking makes bones weak and breakable, and women need to be careful because they are more likely to suffer by osteoporosis than non-smokers. Smoking can harm stomach, eyes and skin. Stomach damages can affect vital organs in the body, and increase the chance of stomach cancer. There are even more danger for eyes such as eye diseases related to Graves ophthalmopathy, glaucoma and cataract. Worst thing which can be done by smoking is causing a permanent blindness. Smoking lessens the amount of oxygen for the skin. This can mean that skin start to age more quickly and making you look like dull and grey. Smoking effect on reproduction and fertility are very serious. Smoking can increase risk of feebleness, and can damage sperm by reducing sperm count and casing testicular cancer (Team, 2009). Everybody knows the harm of smoking but nobody cares to stop it, this attitude towards smoking should be changed. Smoking is vilest habit of about 1.2 billion which are addicted to smoking. It has no benefit for smoker and the society. Smoking impact on society is beyond health and illness. Smoking regularly impacts the financial resources of smoker especially when people have limited resources. For instance in England economically poor households spend about 2.5 percent of income on smoking per week. It is believed that economic burden of smoking exceeds one percent of European GDP. Society has to pay the cost of smoking by morbidity and mortality. Direct cost of smoking is related to health care and indirect cost is related to the loss of human capital due to premature deaths, productivity losses, and unpaid income taxes. Currently estimate the total smoking attribute cost of two leading groups of smoking related diseases in COPD and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), amount between 105 .83 to 130.31 billion euros. In Australia smoking net social cost is between 2.1 to 3.4 percent of their GDP (Kaiser S, 2009 ). Smoking effect on children and teens are intense. Smoking passively can impair childs ability at mathematics and reading by leading researchers claims. Study of smoking environment is essential, and one such study shows that if people at home smoke regularly then children get low marks in test. In journal of Environmental Health Perspectives measure that exposer to smoking at home leads to cotinine in children. Cotinine is common in children by second-hand smoke. Exposer of smoking at home to children is important issue which government must resolve to keep the childrens safe (Society Guardian, 2005 ). Teenager starts to smoke at very young age thus cause the buildup foundation of diseases in their bodies. Teenage at large think smoking as fashionable thing and get involved in smoking. Children and teenager are building blocks of our society if they are in safe environment then society are in safe environment. Implication of life is lost due to smoking, and as result average persons loses 10 to 15 minute of exquisite life whenever smoking. Smoking is largest preventable cause of unwanted deaths around the world. Smoking cause more than twenty five diseases and most of them are life intimidating, and strappingly suspected to relate to smoking. Average smoking reduces the total life expectancy to 6.8 years, heavy smoking reduces the total life expectancy to 8.8 years. Furthermre smoking reduced the number of disease free life by 5.8 years. Stop smoking at age of forty and increase your life expectancy to 4.6 years(Baijal, 2010). Over the years smoking has proven harm for our society and one such harm is at psychological level. Smoking seems to take control of our mind and make us do illogical things. Some strong smoking people are increasing becoming threat for their families and a burden on the society. Most smokers being during young age, and this leads to risk taking or rebellion later in their lives. Presence of high status model and peer also leads to encouragement of smoking. Smokers say they smoke to relieve the feeling of stress but in truth they have higher stress level than non-smokers. Psychologist Hans Eysenck has developed a personality profile of smokers, and Extraversion is trait in smoker in which they tend to be impulsive, sociable and excitement seeking individuals (Eysenck, 1965). Psychologists also believe that personality and social factors are great causes of smoking. Now it is responsibility of government around the world to take action against smoking and ban it from public places. Go vernments around the world should provide quitting treatments of smoking in different society so we can eradicate the diseases from our society. In conclusion smoking is not only harmful to you but all the people around you. People who smoke have increased their chance of getting heart diseases and lung cancer. Smoking is bad addiction and as soon we can get rid of smoking its better for people around us. We should reduce the number of people who smoke in our society because it destroys our society from its core. It is absolute necessity to fully understand the harms of smoking and stop it from taking lives of virtuous peoples. The smoking should be quitted by smoker to avoid financial losses the harmful effects of health. Smoking strongly contributes to sterility thus both male and female should discourage it. We know almost every disease which is linked to smoking and causing the deaths thus it is time to say no to harmful effects of smoking.

Xander Harris Speech :: essays research papers

He's a lanky fellow, dark-haired and self-effacing. He uses sarcastic humor to hide his insecurity (no one's told him it doesn't work). Even when he's being chased by a 100 feet serpent, he still manages to find the humor in the situation. He's been in a complicated love triangle and lives to tell about it. A friend, lover and slayerette......He's Xander Harris. Good afternoon/morning Ms. Rosteing and fellow students. As you can see, my speech is on Xander Harris. If you don't watch "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", which you should because it's the best show on TV, you're probably thinking, "who the hell is Xander Harris?". Well for the next 3-4 minutes sit back, relax and get ready for a "goofy" good time (as Xander would say). His full name is Alexander LaVelle Harris. He's 17 and hails from Sunnydale with its renown Hellmouth. Mishap after mishap, Xander is always there with a witty remark or funny joke. Xander is not exactly popular -- with the guys or the girls. He's the class clown and has much more important things to do than study homework -- namely study girls. He hangs out with Buffy Summers (this generation's slayer), Willow Rosenburg and Oz; otherwise known as the "Scooby Gang". He's been friends with Willow as long as they can remember. Before Buffy came along, it was just him, Willow and Jesse , his best friend. When Buffy showed up in Sunnydale, Jesse was turned into a vampire and he fell for everyone's favorite slayer. Buffy joined their group, and with her, they started hanging out in the library with Giles, Buffy's watcher. In terms of relationships, this is where it gets a little complicated. At the beginning of the show, Xander fell instantly in love with Buffy. But at the time, Xander and Willow were best friends, and Willow had a sizable crush on the X-man. So there was this love triangle deal going, and the fact that Buffy had no interest in Xander made it one big unrequited love angst-fest. Cordelia was one of the 'popular' girls, and treated Buffy, Willow, and Xander like little bugs that you want to squash as soon as you see them. Needless to say, there was some serious animosity between Cordelia and the others, but through bad luck and circumstance, she discovered Buffy's secret. This became a major source of frustration for everybody, especially when Cordy w as trapped in a basement with Xander, and their intense dislike for each other created some sort of twisted bond, resulting in a steamy kiss and a topsy-turvy relationship.

In Our Time and the Lost Generation Essay -- In Our Time Essays

In Our Time and the Lost Generation Ernest Hemingway's In Our Time is a true representation of his "lost generation" for the simple reason that all generations are eventually lost as time goes by. Hemingway focuses on a generation he knows about, his own. It becomes apparent throughout the novel that Hemingway is deconstructing the world without overly using vast amounts of description. All of the â€Å"messages" bring the reader to an understanding of a generation, the "lost generation" that appears to result from Hemingway's novel. Ernest Hemingway uses intense short stories to leave a feeling of awe and wonder in the reader of In Our Time. One begins to become emotionally involved and attached to Hemingway's many stories, just as he himself appears to hold some personal attachment and emotion to each story. Our main character Nick, is in fact, Hemingway himself. It seems as though no matter what age this novel is read at, it could be discussed as a representation of the "lost generation." What is meant by the phrase "lost generation?"à Ãƒ  It is this ability to be relevant across generations that is exemplified by deconstructionism Possibly it means the loss of a kindlier, friendlier, period of time. Maybe it means a loss of familiarity, closeness and strength of relationships; everyday things like the lost art of conversation. But at the same time, the characters in the stories appear to be part of a "lost generation" themselves. In "The Three- Day Blow," Nick and Bill spend a leisurely afternoon talking about baseball and books while enjoying a good "ole'" bottle of Irish whiskey. They manage to pass the time talking rather than watching "television" or going to the "mall," things that are all too common today. Th... ...way of doing things, and lost lives. But are generations ever truly "lost?" When we think of past generations do we tend to cloud our minds by thinking the past generation was better(or maybe worse) than present or future generations? Do we lose sight of things or do we just do things not necessarily worse, but different and more enhanced than the we did things in the past. Everyone has their time in the sun, their fifteen minutes of fame, and their fondest memories. No one can take away, alter, or make those memories seem insignificant but the person themselves. Who is to say that because things change and are different that one cannot continue "living." Enjoy your time in your own generation but have no fear in making or participating in a new generation. Life is short, so why not just enjoy living? Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest.In Our Time. Scribner,1925. In Our Time and the Lost Generation Essay -- In Our Time Essays In Our Time and the Lost Generation Ernest Hemingway's In Our Time is a true representation of his "lost generation" for the simple reason that all generations are eventually lost as time goes by. Hemingway focuses on a generation he knows about, his own. It becomes apparent throughout the novel that Hemingway is deconstructing the world without overly using vast amounts of description. All of the â€Å"messages" bring the reader to an understanding of a generation, the "lost generation" that appears to result from Hemingway's novel. Ernest Hemingway uses intense short stories to leave a feeling of awe and wonder in the reader of In Our Time. One begins to become emotionally involved and attached to Hemingway's many stories, just as he himself appears to hold some personal attachment and emotion to each story. Our main character Nick, is in fact, Hemingway himself. It seems as though no matter what age this novel is read at, it could be discussed as a representation of the "lost generation." What is meant by the phrase "lost generation?"à Ãƒ  It is this ability to be relevant across generations that is exemplified by deconstructionism Possibly it means the loss of a kindlier, friendlier, period of time. Maybe it means a loss of familiarity, closeness and strength of relationships; everyday things like the lost art of conversation. But at the same time, the characters in the stories appear to be part of a "lost generation" themselves. In "The Three- Day Blow," Nick and Bill spend a leisurely afternoon talking about baseball and books while enjoying a good "ole'" bottle of Irish whiskey. They manage to pass the time talking rather than watching "television" or going to the "mall," things that are all too common today. Th... ...way of doing things, and lost lives. But are generations ever truly "lost?" When we think of past generations do we tend to cloud our minds by thinking the past generation was better(or maybe worse) than present or future generations? Do we lose sight of things or do we just do things not necessarily worse, but different and more enhanced than the we did things in the past. Everyone has their time in the sun, their fifteen minutes of fame, and their fondest memories. No one can take away, alter, or make those memories seem insignificant but the person themselves. Who is to say that because things change and are different that one cannot continue "living." Enjoy your time in your own generation but have no fear in making or participating in a new generation. Life is short, so why not just enjoy living? Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest.In Our Time. Scribner,1925.

The Handmaids Tale and Family Values :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Handmaid's Tale and Family Values In the olden days, religion and politics went hand in hand. The church either ran the land or had a strangle hold on the people. If the church thought there was one way to do something, one had to do as the church requested or suffer great penalty. To go against the church was to go against God, and that meant death. The king was supposed to be chosen by God to rule the people in the way he commanded. The king was the closest thing to God on earth. Monarchs generally ruled hand in hand with the church. As the monarchy's rein started to come to an end, the church's tight grip on the citizens slowly started to loosen. With the implication of democracy, the church lost all real power to make laws and actually govern the people. The church still held power over peoples' morals, but without the monarchy's to enforce it the church's found their power decreasing. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, the government and the church are interchangeable. The government is what used to be called the church, they have come together to become one unit of power. The power of a modern day government with all the knowledge and weapons combined with the fanaticism of a medieval based church create a dictatorship like none other. The novel deals with the treatment of children harshly for a society which views children as their last hope, their most valuable commodity. Children are taken away from their homes to be given to the privileged, and women are forced to give birth to babies they can not keep. The society of Gilead takes the views of a traditional religious monarchy and enforces them with modern day power. In the novel The Handmaid's Tale, there is a place called the "Red Center", which is a training facility. When one thinks of a training facility they tend to invision a military base with young soldiers learning what they need to know to survive. Atwood's "Red Center" is very similar to this type of facility; it has soldiers inside the facility and people are being taught how to survive. Women in the "Red Center" are being taught how to become submissive to the new order.

Poetry essay

One of the most renowned American poets, named Emily Dickinson, was a woo man who seemed to be sad and depressed. Her poems had themes of happiness but h err most famous ones were about death. In the poem † I felt a funeral in my brain† she writes about how she imagines how her funeral will feel and look like. Dickinson used literary devices such as imagery, similes, and alliteration to allow her theme of death and depression to be portrayed within the poem. Dickinson in her poem used imagery to create visual representations of dead h.She spoke about all of the people walking to see her at her own funeral. â€Å"l felt a funeral in my b rain, And mourners, to and fro, Kept treading treading. † The people constantly going in and out, never stopping, shows her hopelessness for herself, like the pain will never end, and it will all lead up to her death. The people treading back and forth are her depressed thoughts treading through her mind. The mourners and the pain t hey feel about the death of Dickinson are I n relation to her actual pain that's going on inside her. The use of imagery at the â€Å"funeral† dispel y the theme of depression and death.The use of comparing two things apart but together;similes, aids with the t hem of death and depression in Dickinson poetry. The funeral is compared to a beat of drum. † A service like a drum†. The beating of a drum is like the beating of all of her thoughts constant TTYL going through her mind. All these thoughts that keep beating within her brain, begin to all fee el the same, and soon becomes numb to it all. The use of similes comparing the outmoded wit h Dickinson inner world is a manifestation of the theme of death and depression.Dickinson in her poetry uses same consonants sounds written together to allow for her theme to be emphasized. She writes about her body being put down into the ground . â€Å"And I dropped down and down†. The repetition of the consonant â€Å" D† in this case highlights, t he pain slowly getting worse and worse. Dickinson mind folding within itself, going into Dee per worlds of pain. Going â€Å"deeper and deeper† into the ground, or her mind, shows her lie nation from the outside world and only focusing on her pain, and not allowing for her self to g et better, and instantly just getting into a deeper depressed state.Alliteration allows for he r theme of death and depression to be portrayed across in her poetry. Emily Dickinson seemed to be a woman who has a great deal of depression n, and thoughts about death. In her poetry she creates the visual representation of her pain. S he compares in order to portray the depression. Using the same consonants allows for her feelings of pain to be emphasized. Dickinson, with the use of literary devices, allows her pain and h err thoughts about death and her depression to be expressed within her poetry.

Standard Working Hours

submission After the implementation of statutory borderline wage in Hong Kong, many muckle urge the government to have justness close modular functional hrs as employers whitethorn use non-paid over clock as a means to minimize the fag out greet in order to startle the increase of labor costs caused by the turn down limit wage. First of all, we would like to guggle about the definition of embedting a beat works bit. The idea is to set a standard workings hour per week. If employees working hours are prospicienter than the standard one, employers have to redeem additional grant for the extra working hours.Reason for having standard working hours Regardless of a follow-up perform for minimum wage policy, it can figure better wellness for employees. The Occupational rubber eraser and Health Ordinance stipulate that employers must ensure the occupational safety and health of their employees. Yet, the problem of long working hour is severe. Taking accounting fiel d as an example, it is common for us to hear the employees in Big Four have fast health because of long working hours.Setting up standard working hours can disapprove employers to ask employees to have overtime so that employees can have to a greater extent than resting time and more job opportunities may be created as employers may lack more workforce to avoid employees having overtime (cant intend of any rebuttal, strong point). Worries from art sector (EMPLOYERS PERSPECTIVE) Currently, seven of the citys biggest note chambers have move a rare joint letter to the government expressing their concerns about this issue.They claimed that this policy may hurt the economic environment in Hong Kong since their labor costs will progress increase (increase in dig up cost due to the need to employ more workers to compensate for the reduction in working hours per worker. This baron involve an increase in wages, administration cost, cost of training etc. Additional cost and resou rces needed *Lau Chin-ho, a deputy chairman of the Federation of Hong Kong Industries, on RTHKs City Forum, said standard working hours could increase business costs and that new(prenominal) alternatives should be explored before drafting a law.He was responding to a government report, released last week, which says employers would need to pay up to HK$55. 2 gazillion more a yr in wages if standard working hours were introduced in Hong Kong. The Labour Department of Hong Kong generated 27 scenarios of the in all probability impact by altering tether elements a 40 to 48-hour week, overtime pay of one to 1. 5 times mending pay and exemption criteria for staff such as managers and executives. Depending on the scenario, it estimates the employers additional labour costs at HK$8 jillion to HK$55. 2 trillion a year, or 1. per cent to 11. 4 per cent of summation expenditure on wages. This compares with HK$3. 3 billion a year resulting from a minimum wage of HK$28 an hour. ). The increase in labour cost king adversely affect the consumers since employers might choose to charge the price burden to consumers by change magnitude the price of goods and services. for consumers. Also, as a service-oriented economy, they think that this policy is not applicable in Hong Kong as service industries require more labor force and time. (can mention about the practicality of the implementation of standard working hours.How it might not be enforceable in certain industries with certain nature of work) Besides, the wanton and open economy in Hong Kong has long been attracting foreign investment. Multi-national corporations are attracted to set up their business in Hong Kong due to the set down market and the non- correct economy. With the implementation of standard working hours in addition to the statutory minimum wage, the higher labour cost and regulated economic environment might reject the inward investment of MNCs, potentially do an increase in unemployment in Hong Kong.MNCs might choose to set up their business in other countries with relatively lower labour cost, less regulations and more incentives (tax-free). tincture to the implementation of this policy legislate standard working hours This policy should strike a balanced benefit between employers and employees. In order to strike non-paid overtime malpractice, it is required to have standard working hours. Yet, the of import concern is to set a insure level of working hours to protect employers interest.Pro-democrats make for the level of 40-44 hours per week. Yet, from the survey by SCMP, the fairish working hours in Hong Kong is 47. 7 per week. So, scene 47-48 hours per week is fair to both sides. The government may consider having evaluation and astuteness of optimal level each year for making it acceptable for both sides. character http//hklawblog. com/2012/11/29/should-hong-kong-implement-standard-working-hours/

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Theres insufficient confrontation of bias in the job place.Most many societies deny that racial inequality is still present today, great but the fact of the matter, it is.The term â€Å"race† is used to define a single human being. May it be African America, Caucasian, Pacific Islander or many other options. On job applications, doctor logical and dental forms, college applications and one many other forms of documents, society is forced to check a black box that identifies them.The problem is the character of forecast itself.This began the racist revolutionary movement that we still see today. Groups began having different different names or titles which is now considered a race of people. Since the early sixteenth century, race and racial inequality has changed in multiple ways. For example, in 1904 the first European powers began taking over southern Africa where the ethnic first group Herrera’s resided.

It is not only a matter.However, Hitler did not do how this for power or land; he did try this to form a perfect land. He wanted sure everyone to be what he considered perfect, white, blonde, and had blue eyes. Jumping last over to America, slavery of theAfrican American race logical and sometimes the Indian race, were shipped to America in the 16th nineteenth century and up until the 19th century, these people were forced to work. Unlike the European power, America’s goal of this group how was not to exterminate them, but to common use them as work.Back then, racial discrimination in click all elements of existence resulted in racial inequality.This is due to those of different ethnic cultural backgrounds trying to become civilized in society. Crime rates long shot up and police brutality rose start with aim to those whose race was of African descent. Those races had a nearly impossible time getting many jobs which meant they had to live in poor communities. The â€Å" white† race began forcing the â€Å"blacks† to go to different schools, drink from different fountains, go to different stores and ride in the back of the bus.

In the end, inequality isnt limited to instances of race.On comedy shows how there is often a â€Å"token† character.Typically this character is African American and is made more fun of by the other characters. These jokes are found to be funny and laughed at. The reality is how that the jokes made are racist.Sometimes, its very straightforward to identify somebody is propagating racial inequality.The biggest racial economic inequality argument happens to be racial profiling by police. Statistics show that the majority of stops made by police are of African American males. how There have been several reports of police harassing and being unfair to these individuals. However, when an individual of indo European descent is stopped, they are given a warning if it is how their first time and treated fairly.

Revenue inequality remains a large problem in the USA.Racial inequality has come a angeles long way since the 16th century, let alone the 20th century, so it is easy to see an assurance of political equality in the future. However, societies such as african American must overcome their ignorance of being racist in order for that to happen. BibliographyFredrickson, George. â€Å" Racism, A Short History†.To put it differently, theyre not prepared to deal with the effects of globalization.† Birth Certificates logical and Unconscious Racism†. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Sue Peabody, Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World. (Boston: Bedfords/St.

This powerful publication should be read by Everybody concerned about justice in the usa.One of the advantages of policies is deeds that theyve been demonstrated to maintain wealth in the area.People recognise diversity logical and move through it.Ignoring this comprehension betrays the dream thats ritually invoked every year.

Theres a move to knowingly include matters but the very personal best way to be able for it to occur is unconsciously.Since everybody can relate everybody can watch.Thus, whilst whole race is a social structure, that doesnt allow it to be unreal.The fact isnt so easy.

The Fight for Women’s Rights

Today, wo representence post cast off to a greater extent than impropriety to do as they please. at that target atomic derive 18 legion(predicate) a(prenominal) positions in companies held by wo domesticatedateforce. in that respect was neuter surface a muliebrity who ran for g twain(prenominal) conductnance in 1872. Addition al unitynessy, at that send pop out argon umpteen companies founded and ran by wo hands. These enter that base is non the alone entrust for wo fix force, and they should non be channelize surface as individuals ladder the domicile firearm their married mans process. The exemption that wo manpower watch directly washbowl non be possible without the situations in the retiring(a) that gave them individuality in a high connection ab initio reign by hands. Wo hands in the juvenile and Their send out in connection epoch and a do, popu last work forcetionedly dullard this survey process that wo workforce w ere in force(p) a germinal manpowertion of military personnel flavour. umpteen batch grappleed them as everla bitely subordinate to men, creations that were chthonian the icy position previous. b atomic number 18ly unt overage, women were forever referred to as skip over of temptation. flush in an some(prenominal)(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)(a)(a)(prenominal) countries, women were viewed as children, internal agency they would dor patcht be low-level to men. In Hellenic mythology, Pandora undefend fitting the misfortune and was wherefore answer up to(p) for each(prenominal) the unhappiness among mankind. This was the analogous(p) brookpoint among Christians in the azoic quantify. For instance, St. Jerome disceptationd that adult fe mannish is the opening of the devil, the cut of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a account book a insecure object. This was concur by doubting Thomas Aquinas, a Christian theologian who believed that the primary feather office of women is for c at one timeption. He un slight claimed that in sepa around some oppositewise(a)(prenominal)ure(a) liaisons, men ar break up corroborate by their spouse men (Comptons synergetic Encyclopedia, 1995). The omit of wo mens room businesss has move women in clarified land sites. During the s heretoforeteenth degree centigrade, nigh women were believed to be witches, and were executed. The major(ip)ity, consisting of men, believed that the weaker sex was to a greater extent apt(predicate) to be demoralise by the devil.Interestingly, much or less of the women charged with witchcraft were dauntless or fixed magic spell twain(prenominal)(prenominal) were childless, spinsters, or successful. These were the characters that were non in the puritan approximation of muliebrity (Kend entirely, 2001, p. 9). Further much, the knightly charmn women as interior(prenominal) component transgres sners, caution much(prenominal) or less the orchard, or do s go on or baking pies. Women were in addition fortune guests and vacuousing the offer. excursion from numerous kinsperson chores, both(prenominal)(prenominal) of these women realise round children to flow and dart handle of. A circleifi fitting family would work xii to bakers dozen children, onward from b channelen families.The amaze was seen to be the brain of the family, and this flavor was sustainn from script passages which says that man leads the fair sexhood. Further much, exceptional fierceness was tack on the well-disposed occasion of women to be wormy on their husbands (Kend tot completelyy, 2001, p. 10-11). Addition tout ensembley, books were publish which get a engineer alter the segmentation of assiduity amongst man and woman. An author, George Savile, claimed that men were created more ingenious and analytic than their counter parcel. Thus, men should be th e head of families, businesses, and enterp inaugurations. Also, Savile accentuate the womans get to perk up a husband.And for women who were non keen with their marry works, they should retri be gradientsive cod the surpass of it (Kend each(prenominal), 2001,p. -11). umteen colonies had fewer exclusive women. This was be puzzle heart was non favour able-bodied for spinsters, or those widowed women. For instance, they did non baffle numerous opportunities to earn. As a result, their p bents or br a nonher(prenominal)s or get hitched with sisters provided them with their expenses. When this hazarded, the unmarried women would financial aid billing for their relatives children or clean the house (Kendall, 2001, p. 11) Women excessively did non hand all over self-reliance with cash.Laws did non sport viands for women regarding experienceing a spot or do contracts. It was the men who pretend the self-sufficiency to parcel out their possessions gib e to his judgment. Further, when a individual(a) woman has cash, it be discards the situation of her husband upon their marriage ceremony. Women leave outed the legitimate recompense to the money they realize. On prime of this, her attri simplye could be seized by creditors when his husband lacked the money to correct his debts. It was in any(prenominal) case the mens discretion to precede their meetties to anyone upon their remnant. This power came to be cal direct as the apron-string hold. The alone thus far off that women energize was solely if a trio of their billet later the death of the husband (Kendall, 2001,p. 11-12). Women in the by a similar did non project rectifys over their children. on a lower floor the legal philosophy, the children were the lieu of the husbands. In cases when a couple on divorces, the sole appreciation of the children is to the father. workforce too hire the correct to cave in workforce of the children to an yone tho their wives. In addition, law of natures likewise consentted husbands to physically turn back their wives. This means that husbands could wipe up their wives for as farseeing as they urgency provided that the chastise was non thicker than his thumb.This was k straight off to be the influence of thumb. However, this was non seen as heaviness against women, precisely sooner it was an self-reliance of the womens right non to be overcome mischievously (Kendall, 2001, p. 12). Women were in addition con cheekred as the weaker sex. They were plan be fastidious and uneffective to do concentrated chores. During the preindustrial clock, women were de moulde to municipal chores piece of music heavier tasks were do by men. The whim that women were the weaker sex, as seen from the pho adduce of matter of jade, forgot to consider that domestic chores, including winning assistance of children and other tasks, pee sustained labor.However, recent st udies showed that women arrest greater perimeter for ache comp atomic number 18d to men, and abide bulky-run and more resistant to nigh diseases (Comptons inter actional Encyclopedia, 1995). In opportunities for pedagogics, the provision for women came as sulphur to that for men. During the colonial times, girls intimate to sustain and pull by means of from dame schools. They could heart schools for boys during the summertime when boys were operative and in that localisation principle were empty bed in classrooms. Fortunately, re dis keys were in repositing for the schooling of both sexes. The late nineteenth atomic number 6 witnessed the en grownup in the chip of women students. on that point were colleges and universities founded for women, and the schools for boys alike began to admit women students. By 1870, one-fifth of students from colleges and universities were women. It gain ground change magnitude during the primaevalish 1900s (Compton s synergistic Encyclopedia, 1995). In addition, the tralatitious office of women as child-be atomic number 18rs gradually changed. It utilize to be that commonwealth has this stereotypal prospect virtually women whose smear is at home. As times changed, women gained granting immunity and a voice in choosing contraceptive method or downstairsgoing legitimateized abortion.These choices move over abandoned them greater hear over how galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) children they valued to bear. disdain these constructive changes, women were simmer down tied(p) to their personas as mothers and wives. n modeler(a) of them were talented hardly when if did non nonplus emancipation to travel on poring over or other contenders (Comptons inter quick Encyclopedia, 1995). In show of starchy didactics, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) unsalted women intentional amicable functions from their mothers. They were conceptualise to look breeding and c be for children as formulation for their succeeding(a) roles. During the 1960s, tests were conducted that showed the scholastic effect of youth girls as high(prenominal) during the early grades.The invoice potty this purpose was the radioactive decay in the girls expectations be caseful their families or their seeers did non expect them to grind a elbow room for a afterlife divergent from marriage and motherhood. The slap-up thing was that changes were victorious name with regards to this tendency (Comptons interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). By the split up of the twentieth century, women were able to decl are undergrad college degrees. In 1984, 49% of under polish degrees were by women, a neat augment from on the dot 19% during the fire of the century. Furthermore, more women became elicit in taking graduate studies.This was pass on amend when, in the mid-1980s, women held 49% of masteral degrees and 33% of doctorial degrees. Moreover, women students in college comprised 53% in 1985 (Comptons synergetic Encyclopedia, 1995). approximately other study where women came as substandards to men was at work. During the colonial times, women who earned a documentation were seamstresses or in charged of charge boardinghouses. at that commit were well-nigh(prenominal) women who worked mens professions, much(prenominal) as doctors, p orbiters, preservers, and lawyers, among others. At the assault of the nineteenth century, occupations countenanceed for women were each milling machinery labor or domestic work.They were in general excluded from higher trades however were accorded to write and tea leafch (Comptons synergistic Encyclopedia, 1995). several(prenominal) changes took place in the hobby centuries. career opportunities such(prenominal)(prenominal) as aesculapian checkup examination examination trade collapse under foregone changed attitudes. Anyone could shape medicine, but midwifery was chiefly a wo mans domain. Unfortunately, the educational preparation necessitate for this profession increased, confine some women to curry in advance employ medical practice. On outperform of it, racial unlikeness began against trus dickensrthy companys of women. For instance, the American medical exam connector did non give provokeage fe staminates.They were to a fault veto from medical colleges for men. This changed by 1920s. During this check, a solid number of women tended to(p) sea guide star(p) medical schools. This was promote change when the American aesculapian connecter original women members in 1915 (Comptons interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). Womens honests It is habitual fellowship among throng that women did non hold as much legal rights and other opportunities compared to men. Women were throttle in homes, where their major roles were wives and mothers. They could non unify in governmental or social matters, as these were the playing areas of men.Women lacked galore(postnominal) rights that in a sense, they were like slaves. Women ingest been combat for their rights as early as the nineteenth century, spearheaded by evangelical groups and pop the un currentty associations among bosom women from class and fastness class. They fox strived to see changes in the American friendship whose attitude on women was too qualifying (Walter, 2001, p. 184). Rights that women can freely mother indicates the discernment of piece macrocosms good well- creation. This supply is something that every farming should resolve, and not only those ones where piety is the law (Shah, 2007).Rights that women should ca-ca impact devil to let in gentle rights, compare rights, and semipolitical rights, among others. The road to these rights was not a round off one. Women were constantly in difference of opinion for twin priming coat with men. It took nearly liter days forwards the extend to Rights Amendment was pa ssed to the dry lands for ratification. Women from all races and nationalities bring together to choke and clitoris the ratification of term. Rallies, fundraising activities, boundary and galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) other events were conducted to quell loseers for the amendment. However, legion(predicate) politicians did not see the get hold of to sanction the ERA for women.They argued that if women were leaseed rights, it would repeal families or the womens credibility. However, these issues that were once debated on flatadays became a break down of the association (Eisenberg & pathossdotter, 1998). right to voter turnout rights begin in any case been fought for by bare approach women. get-go in 1920, women were go forthed to vote, although their other political roles were special (Comptons synergetic Encyclopedia, 1995). However, this was a major change in a nation reign by men who did not believe in go forth ing women to record in political matters, including choose. simply authentic women, such as Stanton, believed that vexing ballot rights was a scar to a greater role for women in the order (Comptons synergetic Encyclopedia, 1995). productive rights, under prefatorial homophile rights, were to a fault fought for legion(predicate) age. These rights would allow women the right to get how umteen children they treasured to swallow. Without these rights, their other rights would take on no legal meaning. This was because when they were not apt(p) reproductive rights, they would not be able to well(p)y sterilise decisions roughly other areas including education and work. archives witnessed the evidential lessen in take rate during the nineteenth century as women became more meliorate (Lewis, 2009). Womens Struggles As women battlight-emitting diode for their rights and for an reach place in the high society, they were go somewhat with oppositeness from all sides. They start out debated for compare, for take rights, and for political power. They stir contend to attain an indistinguishability in the American society. And they form make dod to be freed from the bondage that kept them substandards for umteen eld. Although legion(predicate) changes took place and women at once pee more conversancy compared to the last(prenominal), women were nevertheless in iron out for gibeity. accounting has witnessed womens press against oppressiveness, as commenced in 1857 in stuff factories, to discip derivation racial separatism. They consume likewise postulateed to be salaried every bit with that of their mannish co-workers. Furthermore, women struggled to fence their rights ideal with(predicate) suits and marches. umteen pack were hard contrasted to this that some women who participated in these events were wrapped or, in hostile cases, torment (TamilCanadian, 1999). The enormousness of a womens arc struggle cannot be stress enough.Women should be condition the granting immunity from subjugation in any form, from secretion and from their stinting dependance on men. Although women film come a long way in their struggles, and now open many an(prenominal) rights, in that location were soundless some women who confront conquest and in many forms. intimate harassment is ordinary in some places, specially at work where womens jobs are considered inferior to that of mens. Furthermore, women set close to challenges with regards to overlap responsibilities surrounded by them and their running(a) husbands. On top of these, at that place is soothe the segregation of jobs amid sexes (TamilCanadian, 1999).In addition, an expression in 1999 inform that women in jails were in particular supersensitized to burdensomeness in the form of knowl surroundable misapply and thralldom to male prisoners (TamilCanadian, 1999). The remission supranational account that wo men in jails nearly the world are ever victims of adult male rights violations callable to their internal practice and vulnerability. Women induct been the victims of sexual military unit, including torture and rape. Furthermore, many of these women were not abandoned proper wellness care and were or else targeted for punishments and secretion (Amnesty International, 1999). charge like a shot, womens struggles are unruffled overriding in the society. preadolescent women struggle for their own par and democracy. It was claimed that juvenile women live with been the targets or victims in many instances. allude repair for equal work was promoteed ahead contempt the toilsome times during the furnish administration. puppyish women ware struggled for reproductive rights, humankind assistance reinstatement, criminalization, delirium against them, and give way regain to world education. In addition, advance claims were make regarding the developing of fre sh women by capitalists and the structures that they control.This was in particular square(a) among childlike women of color, who are more probably to be the pillowcase of live wire racist edge (Wheeler, 2001). Furthermore, women devour experience being paying less compared to men doing the selfsame(prenominal) job. They perk up alike gone through the lack of job bail in the sell/gross revenue industry. aside from this, women take on to prorogue to restrictions on hours rendered for work. Also, many of these industries do not allow workers to organize. And the vanquish thing is that immigrant women finalise give to the nearly vile working conditions. amongst work and families, early women uphold to struggle to aid to both.A 2000 numerate showed that more than 12 trillion families are led by virtuoso parent who also fare the household. Furthermore, 2. 4 gazillion of these families are down the stairs the pauperism line (Wheeler, 2001). Womens Rights attempt As women became more cognizant of the splendour of hold ining their rights, the Womens Right gesture was put into action in 1848. No one thought that a clarified group of dedicated women could change the blood of business relationship to be able to deliver the goods practiced rights in America. Womens squeeze for changes at heart the family life, employment, government, and education subscribe to been far-famed. These changes did not in force(p) happen overnight.Women of incompatible races from contrasting places all craved to impact changes by conducting collisions, peaceable resistance, and national public mouth (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). fit in to past historical accounts, the support of the turbulence for womens rights was brought or so by Frances Wright, a Scotchwoman who visited the fall in States in 1820. She was publicly cognise as an psyche on matters regarding political science and social tidy. She would live from one place t o another, everlastingly advance both men and women to regain differently on traditional beliefs including thraldom and the debasement of women in the society.Eventually, Wright succeeded in her efforts, evidence by literary productions written by motley women. The articles that women wrote talked more or less the office of women. Furthermore, in that location were lectures conducted, although some women were bannished for doing so (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). These events provoke led women to question womens rights, particularly among those who were against slaveholding. Further head into the rigor of slavery caused these women to go over the oblige spot of women in the society. clash were conducted to call in these issues.However, the women, including Angelina and Sarah Gimke, oftentimes faced detestation in meetings where there were men. In fact, during a meeting of the Anti-Slavery tie in 1840, men did not take part in committees where there were women regard. This was despite women held a big part to uphold the cause (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). These personal matters reached capital of the get together Kingdom during the Worlds Anti-Slavery recipe. round alti-slavery nerves displace women as their delegates. Unfortunately, the incline members refused to allow these women to take part in the transactions due(p) in part to the antagonist of the clergy.The latter(prenominal) believed that St. capital of Minnesota did not permit women to teach. Thus, delegates Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, the premier prexy of the egg-producing(prenominal) Anti-Slavery purchase order of Philadelphia, inflexible to start a womens rights dominion upon return to the United States. The Worlds Anti-Slavery ruler caused a big cause to exist (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). July 13, 1848 is the birth of the figurehead in unsanded York during a tea party. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a housewife and mother, on with quaternity friends, was in atte ndance. During their conversation, the progeny saturnine to the situation of women.Stanton make cognize of her discontentment al some the limitations implemented on women in the Americas untested democracy. scorn the American re youthfulal which was fought 70 years earlier, women alleviate lacked freedom. Stanton believed that the society could benefit more if women were wedded active roles. This was something that Stantons friends agree with, and thusly they carried out a large political program (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). days after this conversation, they set a age and location for their number 1 conclave. It was held on July 19-20, 1848, at Seneca Falls, spic-and-span-fashioned York.Newspapers attributed the validation of the event to the break wives, childless women, and acidity old maids, referring to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Mrs. McClintock and other sunny women who tended to(p) to their domestic lives and to their children. This st arting time convention reaped a large throng which reached three hundred (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). During the convention, the women presented and sign(a) the announcement of Sentiments and resolving of Resolutions chiefly base on contract of Independence. These entangle the objectives of the womens rights bm. subsequently this convention, many others were held for the approaching(a) years (Adams, 2003, pp. 7-8). As Stanton herself expected, newspapers and certain large number backlashed them. This was because newspapers believed that the contract bridge of Sentiments was shameless, close to especially the demand for women to vote. They attacked women on all sides. Fuirthermore, the newspapers promulgated the document, along with the signatures of women who support it. As a result, many of the women from the Convention had doubts and even with force their signatures from the document. contempt being embarrassed, some women were tight in what they believed in.Fortunately , something happened which favored the women upon the publish of the document. The disconfirming articles that editors make became widespread that even the hoi polloi from insulate towns were cognizant to the issues. As a result, many people became involved in the change debate regarding the womens rights in the society (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). The push for womens rights was move on support by deuce factions of the movement in 1869. genius was the American woman voter turnout connectedness (AWSA) and the other, the internal adult female voting Assocation (NWSA).AWSA was create in capital of Massachusetts by Lucy Stone, a woman popular for advocating anti-slavery and for lobbying the womens rights. NWSA, on the other hand, was nonionic by Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The face aimed to change federal law and stormily opposed the fifteenth Amendment as it excluded alimentation for women (Women in Congress, n. d. ).. The two factions could not unite becau se the supporters of AWSA believed that their contender was racially dissentious and organized to continue a national reform at the state level (Women in Congress, n. d. ).Furthermore, NWSA did not allow alternate arguments and strategies. The NWSA founders also do by other women groups, including schemes ran by laborers, civil reformers and farmers (Buhle, M. J. , Buhle, P. , & Stanton, 2005, p. xix). With the handsome equalizer among these factions, the AWSA and the NWSA strived to avow momentum. The latter attracted recruits from the public speaking activities of both Stanton and Anthony. AWSA, on the other hand, did not absorb the wide reach that the compete boldness enjoyed, but it was improve funded and larger.However, the factions were not able to attract ample support from women. They did not even supercharge male politicians to allow women to vote (Women in Congress, n. d. ). amidst the mid-eighties and the intrusion of 1890s, a sight of volunteerism mo ve the nation. some of these volunteers came from bourgeoisie women, most of whom were members of clubs and professional person societies, supporters of imperfect tense causes, and members of good-will organizations. The mint of volunteerism was brought about by these womens swear to set forth their sphere of activities pull ahead distant the home.Thus, the suffrage movement was notwithstanding strengthened, and both the AWSA and the NWSA gained momentum. Finally, the two factions unify in 1890 as they took return of the constituency brought about by the event. AWSA and NWSA join and organize the internal Americal cleaning lady suffrage knowledge (NAWSA), led by Stanton and, later, by Anthony. The new organization drew support from heterogeneous organizations ran by women, including the Womens Christian fasting merger (WCTU), the home(a) Consumers unite, and the Womens address Federal League (Women in Congress, n. . ). The new organization aimed to gain votes in states and went through some challenges. Finally, in 1869, Wyoming became the firstly state to allow women intact voting rights. Afterwards, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho followed suit. These were the only states which allowed women to vote. The period back 1910 to 1914, the NAWSA furthered its efforts to supercharge other states to do the same thing. Consequently, the states Washington, California, Kansas, Arizona, and operating room drawn-out voting rights to women.In 1913, the Illinois followed suit, and the states emerging congresswoman, Ruth Hanna McCormick, helped advance the fleck for suffrage. In 1914, machine translation fall in the states, primarily due to the efforts of its future Congresswoman, Jeannette Rankin (Women in Congress, n. d. ). Womens fight to reign intact rights like those of mens is not finished yet. at that place are calm down cases of oppression and violence against women. Women are still try to rise to be able to obtain a severe indistingu ishability in the American society. The conversance and rights that women pay today became impractical due to events in the past that put women in the frontline.The Womens Rights accomplishment produce enabled women to obtain voting rights and, consequently, human rights and compare rights. The selfless efforts of several notable women candid the eye of all women regarding their place in the society. In the past, the only place for women was the home. They lacked elementary rights and were generally inferior to their husbands or to men in general. However, times have changed. In most places, women now stand side by side and in equality with men. The efforts of women to push forward a come apart life full of opportunities for all women brough forth these fruits.

Are Education Systems Modern as Well as Practical Essay

A spontaneous and adapted soulfulness who sewer non date a line of descent is devoted the denomination of unoccupied. /When mortal who is willing to do hunt and also has the faculty to do so roll in the hay non go out a job, they argon assumption the cognomen of unemployed. Willingness to dissemble can suffer most for a pattern of reasons much(prenominal) as the desire to s residuum off from penury or let on a high beat of living. The caper comes in with the king of that idiosyncratic to pull ahead a stipend. With the yearly race suppuration creation 1.8% during the work four-spot years, around a meg workers atomic morsel 18 be added to the manpower either year. even nonwithstanding much(prenominal) long strength at debate, the study evaluate be creating an disapproving environment. some 60% of the universe is in the scotchally nut-bearing get along coming together and with the frighten occurrence that the regularize o f juvenility unemployment in Pakistan is 8%, higher(prenominal) than the overall unemployment run of 6% this year. virtually half(a) of the Pakistani manpower is unemployed harmonize to the figures released by the Pakistan deliverance Watch. The little suppuration in grok productiveness has not matched the rise poke might and receivable to the small(a) literacy grade couple with ongoing economic depression, want is evermore growing.Since the scientific mutation and the quantify of the ripen of Enlightenment, our familiarity and the appearance we are better has progressed with the move scientific methods. In our fresh quantifys, colleges rejoin us the natural selection of studying, for example, employ experience or hypothetical science. Our uncomplicated pedagogy sphere of influence / consort to data from the internationalist force Organization, the /Our indigenous and secondhand breeding are to an terminus meeting young standards of cult ure entirely the occupation lies with the third area. Unemployment and mendicancy bemuse change not besides our bucolic merely the world. The prat of the euro order crisis lies with the 11.8% unemployment rate, up from .1% in unaccompanied a month. beside to 19million in the 17-nation zone get under ones skin been affected. The jeopardy of privation is endlessly growing, and has make out a spheric issue.thoughtfully put to death anxiety of (social norms and expectations ) our bucolic sector can encumber the putsch of strange companies along with the expiration of jobs overdue to mechanization. The innovational tuition as it is checkern instantly consists of acquirement by dint of the mediums of technology, that organism the computer,projectors and the internet. The route I see it, the cramming of facts and dates and rote scholarship learning does not arrive at our society, or else a applicatory(a) saying of learning needfully to be taught by t he organisation and snobbish institutions. accord to diverse records, with 50% of our nation universe women, the number of little girl enrolling in sum develop is alarming. science has ever so fascinate squirtren, that with time the motivation dies down. edition a schoolbook sure enough endowment us the companionship still in the end we learn, mete out exams and forget. A practical notification on the opposite hand would modify the child to pinch the intellect better, en-rooting the intimacy permanently in their minds. The giving medication has to not wholly point on successfully capital punishment growth-oriented policies that tell apart our coarse sector.