Friday, December 20, 2019

Int Task 1 Essay - 767 Words

Visual Organizer for QBT1 Language Comm (V1 Undergrad-1211)-PA TASK 3 Teassa Eubanks WGU Student ID #270035 July 25, 2013 Works Cited Jackson, J. (2013). Learning Environments For Homeschooling: EzineArticles.com Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Learning-Environments-For-Homeschoolingid=2286248 Wenner, M. (2008). Study: Religion is Good for Kids: Live Science Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://www.livescience.com/1465-study-religion-good-kids.html Skurchak, G.( 2010). Homeschooling Effects on Children. Livestrong.com Retrieved May 2, 2013 from†¦show more content†¦Ideas can be explored thoroughly in a dynamic home school environment, where in a traditional classroom it might need to be pushed aside in order to meet the next learning objective on time. (Jackson, 2013) Religion practices in public schools are a thing of past and are not allowed in public schools. Home schooled children are able to practice whatever religion they choose. Prayer, pledge of allegiance and bible study can be participated in freely, which is a big reason some parents are turning to home schooling. Children with religion in the classroom have better social skills. Kids with religion in their home are better behaved and adjusted than other children, according to a new study that is the first to look at the effects of religion on young child development. (Wenner, 2008) Pressure created by the drama of public school can be detrimental to children’s well being. Bullying is all too real in today’s youth and its not just limited to a certain gender or race. Some kids that are faced with bullying or peer pressure eventually fail or drop out of school completely. Home schooled kids aren’t as subjected to these typed of detriment and most excel, go on to college and become very successful adults. â€Å"Peer pressure isn’t as prevalent as with public school setting. Children are less likely to be rebellious and in trouble, as they are more family focused and oriented. These children seem to be closer to theirShow MoreRelatedINT 1 Task 11735 Words   |  7 PagesPart One Changes in DNA Understanding - a Continuing Process INT - Task 1 Understanding Genetics a Timeline of DNA Science ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  1700’s - it is believed that all traits are acquired. Example - a giraffe has a long neck due to stretching to reach the leaves in the taller trees. 1800’s - Carl Linnaeus classified by visible traits. 1866 - Gregor Mendel, through pea plant breeding and research; discovered that traits are inherited not acquired- before anyone knew or understood anything aboutRead MoreAssignment Notes : Public Class Benchmarking Techniques714 Words   |  3 Pagesassignment unit 1; import java.util.*; public class BenchmarkingSortingAlgorithms { // Here I compute banchmarks of two different sorting techniques intmaxArraySize=10000; // Array Size int[] sortingArray1 = new int[maxArraySize]; // First Array int[] sortingArray2 = new int[maxArraySize]; // Second Array public BenchmarkingSortingAlgorithms(){ //The class Constructor for (int i = 0; i sortingArray1.length; i++) { // Fill two arrays with the same random numbers. sortingArray1[i]=(int)(IntegerRead MoreWhat Input Will Be Entered Into A Program : Program Analysis976 Words   |  4 Pagespurchased by the customer. 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C STORAGE CLASS There are various types of storage class which are usedRead MorePatient Billing software srs1594 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics 2.6 Constraints 2.7 Use Case Model Description 2.8 Class Diagram 2.9 Sequence Diagram 2.10 Database Design 2.10.1 ER Diagram 2.11 Assumptions and Dependencies 3.0 Specific Requirements 3.1 Use Case Reports Software Requirements Specification 1. Introduction: 1.1 Purpose: The Software is for the automation of Patient Billing. The Software includes:Maintaining Patient details. Providing Prescription details. Providing and maintaining all kinds of tests for a patient. Billing and Report generationRead MoreEssay on Java767 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, in the year 2016, the cable news empire has fallen, and former talking heads have stooped to running for political office. In fact, five former talk show stars are running for President of the United States, and locked in a close race. Your task is to design and implement a set of classes that process a collection of Integer objects, corresponding to votes for each candidate. The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and executeRead MoreJava Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, in the year 2016, the cable news empire has fallen, and former talking heads have stooped to running for political office. In fact, five former talk show stars are running for President of the United States, and locked in a close race. Your task is to design and implement a set of classes that process a collection of Integer objects, corresponding to votes for each candidate. The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and execute

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Teaching the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example For Students

Teaching the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay After teaching a lecture course called The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World at Beloit College in the spring of 1996,1 decided to bring it to the attention of other classicists, for three reasons. First, it attracted, and engaged the interest of, a large number of students. Judging by their frequent in-class references to The Learning Channel, I assume that this is partly because of the current popularity of the Wonders (and other topics related to archaeology) on some cable television channels. Second, I have not heard of a similar course being taught anywhere else. I would be interested to hear whether such courses have in fact been offered elsewhere, and with what success. But the main reason why I think this course deserves publicity is the compelling nature of its overarching theme: how members of one culture view other cul tures, and what use they make of other cultures in their own world. In other words, the title of the course is only a partial reflection of its content. Eac h of its seven main sections includes, in addition to lectures on the construction of one of the Wonders, lectures (and opportunities for class discussion) on the cultural and historical context in which the monument was created, and on the meaning which it assumed in later years. Raising these issues in a course on the Seven Wonders has several advantages. From a classicists point of view, it obviates the necessity for expertise in Egyptology and Assyriology: I presented the Pyramid of Giza and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon prima rily from the perspective of the Greek and Roman writers who provide so much written testimony about them. The same issues of point of view and cultural cross-fertilization also surfaced when I presented the Nachleben of each monument, with the result that by the time the course ended, the students had been reminded of the connections between their world and the ancient Mediterranean in two ways. Besides seeing some of the broad sweep of Mediterra nean history, from antiquity to the present, they focused in the final section of the course on the crucial period of the late eighteenth and   nineteenth centuries in Europe, which saw the development of Egyptology, Assyriology, and Classics, as well as unprecedented uses of ancient ide as and symbols in the formation of modern national identities. Hence they gained some insight into the work ings of academic disciplines, and the cross-fertilizations that have taken place in both the past and the present between academia and the real world. Texts for the course were four in number. All were chosen with the assumption that most of the students in the class knew nothing of the ancient Mediterranean. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, edited by Peter Clayton and Martin Price (London 1991), provides basic information on the history (ancient and modem) of all seven monuments, as well as a brief guide to the creation of the canonical list of seven during the Renaissance. Lionel Cassons Travel in the Ancient World (Baltimore 1994), pronounced entertain ing and readable by students, reinforced the general historical information dispensed in class and gave a lively picture of tourism in antiquity. For a general introduction to mythology I chose Barry Powells Classical Myth (Englewood Cliffs 1995). David Grenes translation of Herodotus (Chicago 1988) rounded out the list. Half of the course grade came from eight quizzes: one on each of the monument-sections of the course, and a final geography/chronol ogy quiz. I allowed students to drop one of these grades. The other half of the course grade came from the final project, an account of five wonders of the modem world (see below). .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff , .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .postImageUrl , .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff , .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:hover , .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:visited , .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:active { border:0!important; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:active , .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4ee44da65c494331e86dd3d8efa93ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Climate Change and World Food Supply EssayThe course is organized as follows: The first week is spent orienting students to the relevant geography, chronology, and history. The emphasis from the beginning is not on the Wonders alone, but rather on the cultures that produced them. I should mention that I also stress basic knowledge of geography and chro nology throughout the course (as I find it necessary to do in every class I teach). The first handout students received was a timeline of ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern history, with the dates of construction of the seven Wonders added. I chose the room in which I taught the Seven Wonders class because it had an enor mous pull down map of the Mediterranean and the Near East, to which I referred almost daily. I also frequently distributed maps, xeroxed mainly from Michael Grants Atlas of Classical History (New York 1994). In the final quiz, students were asked to put in chronological order a jumbled list of people and events stretching from Khufu (Cheops) to Mussolini, and to add to a map of the Mediterranean the names of the seven Wonders in their proper places. To return to a synopsis of the course: During weeks two through twelve, we spent two to four class sessions on each of the seven Wonders. These lectures include not only descriptions of the monu ments themselves and their Nachleben, but also topics related to each monument and the culture that produced it. An example is barbarians in the eyes of Classical Greeks. Students read extended passages in Herodotus, not only his description of Babylon (while they learned about the Hanging Gardens), but also his characteriza tions of the Persians and Scythians and his account of the Greek resistance to barbarian invasion (as background for the statue of Zeus at Olympia). They also saw, and heard about, references to the Greek victory in the iconography of classical Athens. Two more examples, introduced during sessions on the Artemision at Ephesos, are the phenomenon of mother-goddess worship and the myth of the Amazons, including the recent archaeological evidence from north of the Black Sea which may corroborate Herodotus descrip tion of these women. During sessions on the Pharos of Alexandria, besides providing a general introduction to Alexandrian culture, I touched on Cleopatra and the multiple meanings that she has assumed over the centuries. The issue of Afrocentrism and the responses of classicists to Bernals Black Athena (New Brunswick 1987, 1991) were natural corollaries to this. I presented a brief lecture on the topic, followed by discussion. The topic of weeks twelve through fourteen was the attitudes to antiquities evinced by people from the Roman period to the present. In other words, having looked at the seven Wonders through the eyes of ancient writers like Herodotus, we then turned to the points of view adopted by people closer to our own day. During this phase of the course students heard about and reflected on the Grand Tour, the Greek War of Independence, and the ongoing debate over the Parthenon marbles. We also considered some of the modern political uses of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian antiquities, examin ing briefly the attitudes of Napoleon, Mussolini, and Hitler to the artefacts of the ancient Mediterranean. During the last week of class, students presented excerpts from their final projects: accounts of five wonders of the modern world. What is crucial in this exercise is not so much the monuments they chose to write about, but rather the poin t of view or persona they adopted and the underlying assumptions they revealed as they wrote: Did they wish to seem skeptical, awestruck, curious, ostensi bly impartial? I asked students to consider taking Herodotus as a model in terms of persona or style (or both), and several of them did, composing lengthy digressions, comparanda and complex aetiologies. Several chose to describe monuments located in the Mid west-the Mall of America, I discovered, lends itself particularly well to Herodotean analysis. Of course, several students placed their narrators in a remote post-holocaust future of some sort, unable to recognize the Statue of Liberty, etc., a la David Macaulays Motel of the Mysteries (Boston 1979) .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 , .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .postImageUrl , .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 , .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:hover , .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:visited , .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:active { border:0!important; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:active , .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00 .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1956f5925a4e9b7d50c0726c675d1b00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare is undisputedly, the world's greatest playwright Essay  As I said to my students at the beginning of my remarks on Bernal, Lefkowitz et al., my goal that day, and indeed throughout the course, was to show them that Classics is neither monolithic nor static. A course on the seven Wonders could also demonstrate this while focusing on entirely different topics, chosen to take advan- tage of another instructors strengths and interests: architectural history, travel narratives, comparative mythology, cultural studies. But I believe that wherever the focus lies, a course with the Wonders as its framework will succeed not only in drawing large numbers of stu dents, but also in demonstrating to them the vitality of our discipline and the connections between it and them.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Invitation and Recruitment Practices in Research †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Invitation and Recruitment Practices in Research. Answer: Introduction The main objective of this assignment is bring out that if the customers under the law of contact can legally enforce the agreement that Alan had proposed before he put up a notice on the board regarding the advertisement he had published in the newspaper for giving manicure and pedicure at low rates. This paper also throws light on the consequence that will be faced by Allan if he argued that $15 for manicure and pedicure is very less. This essay will also talk about the legal issues in relation to the free haircut he has promised which is not given to Jill due to coming later than 7 days. Are the 40 customers who produced the advertisement eligible to enforce any legal agreement advertisement before the notice was put up on the window? When an advertisement[1] is made as an offer it is considered to be a unilateral contract or bilateral contract. In the case of Alan, this advertisement made by him was considered to be a bilateral contract. As, he had specified as a special offer in a newspaper advertisement that he would give manicure and pedicure to the customers for $15 on the production of the advertisement. The 40 customers who had produced the advertisement to Alan before the notice was put up by him on the board stating that the advertisement had now been exhausted, are legally enforceable[2] to get their manicure and pedicure for $15. As this was considered as an invitation to treat and have the scope to be bargained in the future, as they are temporary in nature. Hence, it can be said that the advertisement by Alan was an offer made to increase his clients. Thus, he will be liable to them. A contract has specific rules that have to be followed by both the parties. This advertisement was a bilateral contract and only the parties to such offer can avail the services that would oblige by the terms and conditions[3] mentioned in it. Not abiding by it would lead to breach of contract. It was clearly mentioned in the advertisement by Alan that only those customers can avail his services of getting manicure and pedicure for $15 who would produce the advertisement. These customers could not avail any special service of $15 nor could they enforce the agreement[4] against Alan as they did not abide by the rules of the contract. In a contract there is an offer made and there has been an acceptance. In a bilateral contract there is nothing permanent as there are chances of the product getting over or exhausted. It is also unreasonable to expect the advertisement to sell to everyone as there are high chances of the product or services getting exhausted. The advertisement made by Alan was invitation[5] to treat which an invitation is made to the customers to submit themselves to the offer. The willingness of Alan to make a deal is seen clearly in the advertisement. But it does not have the elements of an offer, sometimes it can be stated as an invitation to bargain. This is an invitation for the public to come and avail the services that have been offered by Alan. It was Alans own terms and conditions he had put in the newspaper advertisement as a special offer to attract customers. On getting a lot of response he thought his salon would suffer loss[6], he had the power to stop the services, but he could not change the price of the $15 manicure and pedicure to $60 just because he later realised he would go into loss. Application This invitation to treat or bid does not fall under the category of offer until there is any further negotiation. Generally, the party making the invitation does it individually and the other parties to whom it is issued may accept it or reject it on their own whims and boons. When Alan withdraws his promotion he can charge his clients the normal rate for manicure and pedicure and he is no longer liable for any obligations for his special offer. Alan had put up an advertisement saying that up to $75 will make your nails look good, and also stated that anyone who did not get a date within 7 days of getting manicure and pedicure will get a free haircut. Jill did not since she comes 14 days late. Will Alan have to provide her with it? Invitation to a treat is not considered as an offer. Since there is no negotiations involved. There are no expressed or implied[7] terms involved. The invitation is made clear and precise. There is a time frame made for accepting such an invitation. A closing date should be made to avoid any confusion. By specifying a closing date of 7 days to avail free haircut, Alan has made his invitation very clear. Hence, he will not have to comply with anyone who comes after 7 days to avai[8]l the free haircut he has to offer. But he cannot withdraw is offer before the dead line in that case he will be liable to his customers. Had Alan not specified an expiry time of the free haircut service his offer could be revoked. We can see this in the case of Murray V Rennie Angus, the outcome of this case was that there was a quotation to carry out a masonry work which was open for acceptance 11 days later. Conclusion Generally contract is an agreement between two parties and there has to be some form of negotiations. In an invitation to treat there is no mandatory acceptance it is open to all. In Alans case he had made a special offer in the newspaper to invite customers. Thus, he was entitled to give the 40 customers the offer they had availed. But at the same time he was not liable to give any special service to the 20 customers who did not produce the advertisement. Also he could not in the special contract increase the cost of the services just because he was suffering loss, he could only do so after the expiry of his special service. Alan was also not liable to Jill for she came 14 days later to avail her free haircut and it was clearly mentioned that free haircut could only be given with 7 days. Reference List: Bishop, Jonathan. "My Click is My Bond: The Role of Contracts, Social Proof."Gamification for Human Factors Integration: Social, Education, and Psychological Issues: Social, Education, and Psychological Issues(2014): 1. Candy, B., et al. "Exploring Invitation and Recruitment Practices in Research with Children and Young People with Life Limiting Conditions (LLC) or Life Threatening Illnesses (LTI) and their Families-A Systematic Review." Hayward Medical Communications, 2015. Jobes, Karen H., and Moiss Silva.Invitation to the Septuagint. Baker Academic, 2015. Khan, Ashraful Islam, et al. "Early invitation to food and/or multiple micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy does not affect body composition in offspring at 54 months: follow?up of the MINIMat randomised trial, Bangladesh."Maternal child nutrition11.3 (2015): 385-397. Li, Yi Lut, and Rita Yi Man Li. "An Offer, An Invitation to Treat and Transaction Costs."Law, Economics and Finance of the Real Estate Market. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 95-104. Nyondo, Alinane Linda, et al. "Invitation cards during pregnancy enhance male partner involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Blantyre, Malawi: a randomized controlled open label trial."PLoS One10.3 (2015): e0119273. Sparrow, Andrew.Film and television distribution and the Internet: a legal guide for the media industry. CRC Press, 2016. Urban, Randall J., et al. "Translational studies in older men using testosterone to treat sarcopenia."Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association125 (2014): 27.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Rulers And Reaction Times Essays - Cognition, Mental Chronometry

Rulers And Reaction Times Rulers and Reaction Times Abstract The reaction time of ten subjects was measured. The subjects were asked to catch a ruler ten times under five different conditions. The first condition measured the subject's simple reaction time. Each further condition added an additional stimulus and the reaction times were measured. There was a clear increase in reaction time with the addition of further stimulus, however the expected result of a steady increase in response time with the addition of each condition did not occur. The third condition displayed the highest response time where as the final condition displayed the second lowest (after condition 1). Assuming that no design problems in the experiment affected the results, it cannot be concluded that cognitive processes occur in separate order and do not overlap. Given the average reaction time of condition five was lower than condition three, some cognitive adaption may have occurred to lower the response time of the subjects or another reason may exist. One aspect not c overed by the experiment, but important to the results was the error factor. Pre-guessing the experimenter caused a high rate of error, however it lowered the overall results. Why measure response times? As the world moves forward with technology, increasing pressure is placed upon humans to be quicker, be smarter and to operate more efficiently. As the population increases systems are being put in place to reduce incidences and accidents occurring. An example of this is a study conducted by Cameron, 1995 examining the influence of specific light colors, motor vehicle braking and the reaction time of the drivers to these specific clouds and conditions to avoid rear end collisions. Donders subtractive method holds that reaction times can be obtained by subtracting the simple reaction time; or subtracting type A from type B etc. (Cameron, 1995). Given this, it stands that the more stimulus provided (or thought processes required), the longer the response time of the subjects. This theory is tested in the measurement of ten responses to five test conditions. The trial provides preliminary information to participants and it is expected that reaction times will be shorter than if no infor mation was supplied. (Rosenbaum, 1980.) Method Participants Ten participants were selected, four female and six male. Ages ranged from twenty-two to fifty three. All were fully able bodied and from English speaking backgrounds. Materials A plastic yard rule was used. The yard rule was six centimeters in width. Procedure Condition One The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place their arm out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's fingers at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 1 (Appendix A) and given three trials. The subject then completed the ten tries at the condition and the results were recorded. All ten subjects were tested in the same manner. No abnormal results were obtained. Condition Two The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place their arm out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's fingers at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 2 (Appendix A) and given three trials. The subject then completed the ten tries at the condition and the results were recorded. All ten subjects were tested in the same manner. An error rate and abnormal results occurred. Condition Three The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place their arm out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's fingers at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 2 (Appendix A) and given three trials. The subject then completed the ten tries at the condition and the results were recorded. All ten subjects were tested in the same manner. An error rate and abnormal results occurred. Condition Four The experimenter sat one subject on a chair and instructed them to place both their arms out in front of them at a comfortable height. The yard rule was then placed between the subject's hands at a height of 10 centimeters. The subject was then told the condition 4 (Appendix

Sunday, November 24, 2019

United States Postal Service Essay Example

United States Postal Service Essay Example United States Postal Service Essay United States Postal Service Essay The U. S. Postal Service It is important for the U. S. Postal Service to have a high volume of mail to process in order to follow the mission statement. An organization mission is its reason for existence and is expressed in the mission statement (Stevenson 42). Mission of the Postal Service: The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities (USPS 1998). For the Postal Service to â€Å"bind the Nation together†¦Ã¢â‚¬  they would need a high volume of mail from across the country to process on a daily basic. The more mail means a more successful business. Productivity improved at the Postal Service due to the increased use of automation and introduction and later expansion of zip codes. The technological advancements allowed for postal rates to remain low and maintain rapid delivery. Technology is not enough for productivity to increase. There needs to be proper planning or else technology can reduce productivity (Stevenson 58). Competition from delivery companies such as, FedEx and UPS put pressure on the United States Postal Service to increase productivity to keep rates low and maintain rapid delivery. Operations Management makes point that pricing is very important to consumers in the selection process and that there is a trade-off between price and quality (Stevenson 40). Having lower prices and/or rapid delivery will determine whether someone will choose to mail their package with the Postal Service or the competition. The United States Postal Service took several steps to remain competitive, first starting with customer service. The Postal Service began working to better identify their customer’s needs; this included adding customer service managers, expanding retail hours, and measuring customer satisfaction. The text explains that â€Å"Identifying consumer wants and/or needs is a basic input in an organization’s decision making process† (Stevenson 40). The Postal Service also underwent a reorganization where management positions were eliminated and divisions were consolidated to reduce overhead. These measures all lead to increased production and speedier delivery to remain competitive. The results of the Postal Service’s changes were very successful. The reduced bureaucracy and overhead lead to improved service, customer satisfaction and reduced the need to increase postage rates. The reorganization eliminated some programs, cut cost, attracted new business, and reduced the Postal Service’s projected deficit. The Postal Service employed a quality-based strategy to accomplish these goals. They focused on improving the quality of its organization, as quality is maintains and attracts new customers (Stevenson 50). The increased use of e-mail has an inverse effect on the Postal Service’s production. The more mail that is sent electronically means less mail is being processed by the Postal Service. The less mail being processed equals decreased productivity (Stevenson 53).

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Understanding falling incidents in older adults Essay

Understanding falling incidents in older adults - Essay Example This is a critical appraisal of two research papers which reflect studies in the problems of falling as issues for older adults. The two papers to be critically appraised are ‘Moving Forward in Fall Prevention: An Intervention to Improve Balance Among Older Adults in Real-World Settings’ (Robitaille et al. 2005) and ‘A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multifactorial Falls Prevention Intervention for Older Fallers Presenting to Emergency Departments’ by Russell et al. (2010). These papers were chosen because they represent an aspect of my field of practice – working with older adults. The paper is divided into five sections: Part I: the Introduction; Part II: Methodology of Selection for the papers chosen for this study; Part III: Critical Summaries which outlines the purpose, structure and results of the studies; Part IV: Discussion of Findings which provides the results and the why of the results; and Part V: Personal Reflection which provides inform ation on how this paper and the studies relate to my field of practice.When mature adults move into the senior years, there are a number of functions that begin to slow down and one of these is the ability to recover from a stumble, or tripping over an object. Regaining one’s balance is harder because reaction time in physical recovery is slower (Sollitto 2013). Loss of muscle structure is also a key component which is obviously evident when older adults exercise less because they tire more often or may have some underlying illness. As vision deteriorates with age, perception of distance and depth may also cause problems, particularly when using bifocal or trifocal where looking quickly over the glass lens can change the focus of depth to something that it is not (Sollitto 2013). Falling down can also cause fractured or broken bones because older bones are more brittle. They also will not heal as easily, and it is important to provide nutritional information and appropriate m edical intervention to keep the elder adult healthy with quality of life (Sollitto 2013). Part II: Methodology of Selection The selection for determining the papers used in this research required that the studies had to have been done within the past decade, 2003-2013. This would provide more information that utilized the latest in research skills, study design and data analysis of the study results. Several medical websites such as COCHRANE, PubMed and other journal repositories, were used in the search process along with specific search terms in order to pull studies that reflected the subject matter of senior adults and falling issues. Internet Research, Search Terms and Papers Website Search Terms Used Papers Reviewed – Not Used COCHRANE Library ‘old people falling ratios,’ ‘research studies on falls by the elderly’ ‘Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people’, McClure et al. (2008). Pu bMed ‘falling down statistics in elderly’, ‘balance research in falls’ ‘Peculiarities of postural balance among elderly men with fear of falling syndrome’, Gerontol (2012). Amedeo - Medical Literature Guide ‘elderly falling ratios’, ‘balance problems in elderly’ ‘Reliability and validity of the Persian lower extremity functional scale

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Management - Essay Example Elon Musk later co-founded X.com, which was a payment system based on email later transformed to PayPal. Being the chairperson of the company and major shareholder, he introduced a viral marketing initiative that allowed PayPal to spread at a tremendous pace. Later, PayPal emerged as the internet’s worldwide leading payment transfer. In 2002, 3 years after the founding of PayPal, eBay bought the company for approximately $1.5 billion. After changing the way in which people use the internet, Musk founded SpaceX, a private aerospace company whose goal is to extend human life in other planets. This initiative has been highly successful and NASA has contracted with SpaceX severally for 12 flights. Today, Musk has focused his attention on improving how people transport themselves here on earth. He has managed to make Tesla Motors the fastest-growing company in the world (The Mark of a Leader, 2014). Therefore, based on the achievements that Elon Musk has realized in transforming th e world, he is as a leader with engineering and entrepreneurial skills that help companies to address social, environmental and economic

Monday, November 18, 2019

Create a Multicultural Theme Unit (8) Coursework

Create a Multicultural Theme Unit (8) - Coursework Example Furthermore, this process is implemented within a lower level of elementary grade and preschool level. This thematic unit benefits students to encourage and enhance their appreciation towards individualism and eccentricity among other members in the classroom.The prime purpose of the paper is to provide developmentally methodology towards learning and teaching process by the creation of multicultural theme unit. Moreover, week long detailed information about multicultural theme unit is created. This includes identification of four developmental goals and definition of criteria with teaching strategies. In case of literature-based program, the widely used units for organization of instruction is described to be as thematic units. The fundamental part of thematic units is multicultural literature. The foremost view which defines the concept of multicultural theme unit is differentiating the concept of multiculturalism. The multiculturalism is defined as the combination of cultures and multiple. Therefore, it can be notified that it is vital to include many cultures in the learning process to nullify difference between the dominated and dominant. The lesson plans for multicultural theory should bring diversity on the understanding with the combination of hands-on learning practices. Furthermore, children are confronted with critical thinking skills and fresh ideas. According to Barbara Biles, the early childhood education that has been incorporated in the preschool is described as an effective procedure for the development of racial identity and racial biases. One of the primary activities that I personally think would be included in the preschool activities is Passports. A passport craft activity is beneficial for a week multicultural theme unit. The passport craft is effectively modeled and presented after American passport. Furthermore, it modeled by showing the national bird and blue cover. This activity would be fruitful by

Friday, November 15, 2019

Organizational Structure And Culture

Organizational Structure And Culture Apple is 56 and Intel is number 62 among fortune 500 company. I have selected these two companies to describe organizational structure and culture. 1. a) Organisational structure and culture Structure To meet goals, an organization finds a way to organize employees some kind of structure. Normally most of company use four types structure. Line structure, 2) Line and staff structure, 3) Matrix structure, 4) Team structure. Line structure Command from top to downward. Common of small company. Line Managers are collect analyzing all information. Line and staff structure This is for mid and large size company. Here employees hired to help line manager Matrix structure For a special project employee come from different department to help. Need to respond customer quickly. Team structure Brings people together with different skills to meat particular goals. Lower level manager need to approved decision. Team have power to take any decision. Apple The organizational structure of Apple is approximately non-existent and decided on introduction decision making in the hands of the people in the playing pitch. Apple is doing in credibly well and had attention of many people because; the company worked well and was very responsive to change. However, things took a downward turn and Apple found them in a financial nightmare. Apple suffered problems in regional areas, specifically in the accountability of spending and in fiscal decision-making. The same top-down ideology that helped Apple grow also opened the door for some serious financial losses. With employees at different levels making decisions, it became difficult for the corporate office to keep track of spending and purchasing. They have different adviser and manager for different product. As like every company they have retail operative, finance division, marketing etc. Intel Intel is number 62 of fortune 500 company. As like apple, Intel also uses flat organizational structure. Intel has seven directors, one CEO, and one chairman. And they have also different manager and adviser for different products. As like, PC silent group, this group is work in mobile and desktop sector. Data processing group, they work different forms of calculation. Visualization group, they work for advance solution. Marketing sector, they work to improve marketing and sales. Culture Apple The culture of apple was based on an idea that self-motivated individual will work hard if they do not have boss on their work. The structure of apple had allowed it. The reason is to take quick responsiveness. They believed it is much easier to get value of work. Apple initially grew fast because decisions were made at the lowest possible level. Head office made policy and oversaw all activates. But local employees take their decision day to day in all over the world. Intel Intel is the worlds largest microprocessor company. They found a place in fortunes list because of their work. Intel believes it is their obligation to provide their employees with challenging work that encourages them to create and innovate. Intels goal is to frame human resource polices that make easier for work. The company is believes in providing good opportunities of their employees. Employees are judge on their performance. For that employees can hold their position by preordaining well. 1. b) Relationship between structure and business performance Underlying culturerefers to organisational culture; bad patch refers to a period where business performance is low or employees are moving away from the organisational culture resulting in low business performance. Structure is the guideline of a business. It helps to work done easily. And culture increase employees mentality, so productivity will increase automatically. If organizations culture will strong, then business performance will end soon. 1. c) Factors to influence individual behaviour Those two companies have many factors to influence individual behaviour. Those companies do not push their employees. They take decision upon their individual performance. Apple use self-motivated theory. So that individual will work hard to hold their performance. Intel believed individual with challenging work encourages them to create and innovate. I think those factor influence individual behaviour. 2. a) Approaches to management and theories of organization 3.a) Leadership is a person who guides or inspires others. We have four basic leadership styles. Autocratic Bureaucratic Democratic Laissez-faire Autocratic is a classical approach. Here manager does not consult with any employee. Employees have to flow the order without any explanations. This leader ship style do not trust employee. Bureaucratic is leader flow book. Everything must be done according to the book, otherwise those leader refer to their upper level. This style effect when employee works with their routine, when they know standards of work, when they are work with danger. Democratic leadership style is known as participative style. It help employee to take any decision. Normally democratic leaders are allows employees to establish their goals, leaders want to provide opportunities. Laissez-faire is known as hands off style. Here manager provide little information but the leaders give much freedom. This leadership can be apply, when employees are high skilled. 3. b) Motivation is the driving force behind an action. It is very important because motivation decide our behaviour. Lots of motivation theory to motivate. But among them tow is very effective. Need hierarchy theory Herzbergs two-factor theory Need hierarchy theory in know as Maslows hierarchy of needs. This is a theory of psychology. This theory is one of the most discoursed motivation theories. Humans need cannot be fulfilling. This theory has five stapes to motivate people: 1.Self-actualization, 2. Esteem, 3. Love and belonging, 4. Safety needs, 5. Physiological needs. This motivation theory starts from physiological needs. Herzbergs two-factor theory motivates certain factors in the workplace. Two-factor theory distinguishes between: Motivator that is responsibility or can say that gives positive satisfaction. And the other is a Hygiene factor that is job security that does not give positive satisfaction. 3. C) Motivation theory is the key element of a leader. It changes management decision. Motivation theory describes to that how management take action with their employee. Because decisions change upon an employees demand. To motivate employee management have to fulfil their demand. So this theory has impact upon management actions. 4. a) Nature of group and group behaviour of organization In general views describe how a group to be planned and how its actions are be passed away. A group is a collection of two or more public who work with one another regularly to complete general goals. Groups help organizations achieve vital tasks. Effective groups get high levels of concert. Situations in which groups are better to individuals, when there is no clear expert in an exacting difficulty or task. 4. b) Effective team work Team work, it has been now a common practise in most organization. There are a certain people of an effective team that should be ensuring a good amount of output. It is right that an useful team at all times have clear team goals that give confidence team members to return priority of individual goals with that of team one. Common faith is also essential between team members and that can be facilitating from side to side open, honest and mutual managerial culture. 4. c) Technology always helps everywhere. Technology change team and maintain their knowledge. Some technology improve team function, like Email Mobile phone Computer ,etc Email takes less than a second to send news, by that group work can be done. Mobile phone is now most useful technology. I phone 4, recently apple launch it. It have video calling feature, so by that group work can be done. Conclusion In USA employee change their job 10 times in 20 years because of organization. If every organization should flow structure, culture, motivation theory then it can be reduce. And organization will get benefit from that.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Bilingual Education Essay -- essays research papers

Bilingual Education = Unilingual Education Bilingual education in America is a sound idea, but it is not truly bilingual education, it is only bilingual for those who do not already speak English. America is a country with more and more cultures mixing together with different areas of America speaking different languages. In California, Spanish is the dominant language next to English, and in states such as Maine, French is spoken. Other cultures should not be assimilated into mainstream America completely, but America shouldn’t have to bend over backwards to make life easier for foreigners. In order to become more culturally tolerant, everyone should learn a second language, not just immigrants. Americans should make bilingual education truly bilingual. The first reason is to eliminate the effect bilingual education has on poor, non-English speaking children. In Richard Bernstein’s, â€Å"A War of Words† he says, â€Å"Advocates of bilingual education believe t hat it represents the best chance for non-English speaking children -- who, not so coincidentally, often come from lower-income groups – to enjoy the richness and opportunities of American life†, but he also writes, â€Å"†¦Bilingual education is a failure, a tactic that in the end will harm the chances of the generally poor, non-English speaking children ever having a equal share in the promise of American life.† By simply having everyone learn a second language eliminates the lines of income, and ethnic background. Truly bilingual education would also eliminate the psychological effects it has on non-English speaking children. When they are in a classroom filled with people who do not speak the same language they do, they are forced to feel alone because they can not perform at the same level as their peers, they feel there is something wrong with them, lower than everyone else. â€Å"’Empowering Minority Students’ does not argue that a chil d’s inability to speak English is what leads him to fail if he is put into an English classroom. Children fail†¦because they are made to feel ‘shame’ for belonging to a minority group, for not being a part of the dominant group. The only way to ‘empower’ such children†¦is for the teachers to ‘consciously challenge the power structure both in their classrooms and schools and in the society at large’ Bilingual education†¦is an ‘empowerment pedagogy.’ It is an act of rebellion again... ... who understands them. Which would suggest that these two ideas should go hand in hand. In order for a truly bilingual education system to work is to make sure that all teachers are fluent in both English and the language they will be teaching. Which means that there will be a demand for teachers that can speak either German, Italian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, French, Spanish. Then there will be the demand to those who can speak the local languages. For example, Lakota is widely used on most Sioux reservations in the US, so many parents may want their children to learn Lakota instead of Chinese. More money will be needed to fund all of these language programs, since there will end up being course listings as: Third Grade English, Third Grade Spanish, Third Grade Italian etc†¦ There will also be uneven classroom sizes because many parents in California will want their children to learn Spanish resulting in a large Spanish class and a small Russian class, if any at all. The idea of a truly bilingual education system is still a lot more productive and beneficiary than the current bilingual system, but the truly bilingual system is, truthfully, utopian in nature. Word Count: 1184

Sunday, November 10, 2019

How successful was Philip II’s foreign policy? Essay

Throughout Philip II’s reign there were regular substantial occurrences outside he monarchia which forced him to implement some kind of foreign policy. When assessing how successful Philip’s foreign policy was it is important to acknowledge the aim of foreign policy seem to be in line with the traditional Hapsburg aims of keeping his land and passing them on intact, whilst adding to them if possible. In line with these aims Philip seems to have achieved a moderate amount of success in the first half of his reign adding Portugal to his lands and eliminating the Turks as a threat, however these successes are seriously undermined by his later failures in England and France The area of foreign policy where Philip seemed to achieve the most success was in his exploitation of the political situation in Portugal which led to Portugal being added to Philip’s monarchia. Portugal was already in a fragile state after the death of King Sebastian in 1578 the throne of Portugal had been given to his sick and aged Uncle Henry due to Sebastian having no children. This left many worries over who would be Henry’s successor and eventually by 1580 Philip was King of Portugal. Philip’s was successful in Portugal due to his two pronged policy of diplomacy and bribery along with the dispatching of Granville, one of his closest advisors to cultivate merchants of Lisbon who already were closely identified with Philip due to loans from the crown. This detailed and precise approach successfully ensured the withdrawal of Catrina – Philip’s main rival in Portugal. Furthermore despite the crowning of Don Antonio as King of Lisbon, Philip was very successful in invading due to his awareness of Portugal’s army being depleted from expeditions to Morocco. Another area of Philip’s foreign policy where he achieved a high amount of success is his neutralisation of the Turks as a threat in the Mediterranean. Since the early 16th century the Turks had been attempting to expand their empire into Europe, forcing Philip to react. However despite later success, at first Philip was very unsuccessful against the Turks due to surprise assaults from the Turkish fleet along with blockades and poor weather. On the other hand, Philip made these early setbacks irrelevant in 1571 when alongside the Holy League he successfully defeated the Turks in Lepanto. This was seen as making Philip’s foreign policy particularly successful due it being seen as the greatest victory for the Christian empire, and thus had a huge religious impact. However, Philip’s greatest success when dealing with the Turks seems to be the negotiating of a truce in 1578. Despite the negative repercussions at the time involved with Philip putting his own problems before religion, the truce was highly successful as it allowed Philip to have little need for substantial military involvement in the Mediterranean, allowing him to move his armies further north in order to deal with the Netherlands and also his aspirations in France and England. This truce can be seen as having a negative impact on Philip’s prestige due to the agreement being a sign that he had backed down and was inspired for fighting for Catholicism as his title ‘champion of Catholicism’ would suggest. However, its political benefits easily outweigh the impact it has on Philip’s prestige and overall was one of Philip’s most successful decisions in his foreign policy. One area where Philip achieved little success was in the last 15 years of his reign where he seemed to change his foreign policy to being that of an aggressive imperialist, this appeared to be due to the fact that he spread his armies to thinly, fighting on three fronts at once in the 1590’s. Problems with England began through Elizabeth’s fears of England being turned Catholic as she could see what was happening in the Netherlands. These fears led to Elizabeth signing the treat of Nonesuch with rebels in the Netherlands, providing them with money and soldiers. In response Philip ordered the Armada to invade England in 1588 and despite this limiting English interference in Netherlands it was fairly unsuccessful due to Philip’s plan being highly complicated, furthermore the two fleets he sent had no co-ordination between them, and the as the Spanish fleet did not possess heavy artillery it was outgunned by the English. Philip did launch two more Armada’s in 1596 and 1597, however these achieved even less success due to weather and didn’t even reach England, furthermore these crippled Spain financially due to the sheer amount of money each Armada cost to construct. Similarly in France Philip achieved little success and moreover due to his actions in France he actually contributed to the success of the Netherlands revolt. After many years of civil war and attempted interventions by Philip to turn France Catholic, Henry of Navarre, an anti Spanish protestant was crowned King of France. In response Philip ordered the transferral of troops from the Netherlands to attack France in a bid to claim the thrown for his daughter Elizabeth of Valois. Despite Henry becoming a Catholic, Philip’s attack on France was highly unsuccessful and led to his third bankruptcy in 1596 and the removal of troops from the Netherlands during vital points of the revolt stopped victory against the rebels. Overall Philips foreign policy seemed to be successful early on in his reign due to him being defensive and reactive up to 1584 as it gained him Portugal and eliminated the threat of the Turks. However after 1584 Philip seemed to change to being an aggressive imperialist possibly due to the fact he wanted to leave behind some kind of impact as he realised he would not have long left as King, however this was unsuccessful as he tried to do to much in a short period of time, leaving his armies spread too thinly without enough equipment due to his mounting financial problems.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Nuclear Attack essays

Nuclear Attack essays The First Nuclear Attack and Its Complications The nuclear attack which Hiroshima suffered on behalf of the United States of America, truly had an horrendous effect on the people of Hiroshima as well as the world. Hiroshima is a novel which provides a very detailed account about the suffering of the people and devastation of the town caused by nuclear weaponry. A whole town endured radiation poisoning, massive cuts and burns along with the destruction of their homes and shelters. In Hiroshima, the author John Richard Hersey explores this major social issue effectively and truthfully by stating without bias, the effects on the town of Hiroshima, its people, and the world caused by this nuclear attack. The desolation of the town of Hiroshima after the atomic bomb's detonation could be described as a demolition site. Buildings had been ripped apart due to the massive power possessed by the bomb. Trees and vegetation had become almost completely annihilated or contaminated to the point where digestion of them would lead to sure death. Bicycles and streetcars were paused in mid motion after the bombing, or had become pieces of scrap metal blown into the sides of stores. This devastation was present over the entire town, and the bomb had taken everything of importance and meaning with it. "By now he was accustomed to the terrible scene through which he walked on his way into the city: the large rice field near the Novitiate, streaked with brown; the houses on the outskirts of the city, standing but decrepit, with broken windows and dishevelled tiles; and then, quite suddenly, the beginning of the four square miles of reddish-brown scar, where nearly everything had been buffeted down and burned; range on range of collapsed city blocks." The power of the bombs destruction was much to enormous to be actually dropped. If it can ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse

Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse Child sexual abuse is a devastating crime whose victims are those least able to protect themselves or speak out and whose perpetrators are most likely to be repeat offenders. Many pedophiles follow career paths that provide steady contact with children and earn them the trust of other adults. Priests, coaches and those who work with troubled youth are among the professions that child molesters have gravitated toward. Unfortunately, child sexual abuse is also a significantly under-reported crime that is difficult to prove and prosecute. Most perpetrators of child molestation, incest and child rape are never identified and caught. The following 10 facts and statistics, drawn from the National Center for Victims of Crime Child Sexual Abuse fact sheet, reveals the scope of child sexual abuse in the U.S. and its devastating long-term impact on a childs life: The almost 90,000 cases of child sexual abuse reported each year fall far short of the actual number. Abuse frequently goes unreported because child victims are afraid to tell anyone what happened and the legal procedure for validating an episode is difficult. (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry)An estimated 25% of girls and 16% of boys experience sexual abuse before they turn 18 years old. Statistics for boys may be falsely low because of reporting techniques. (Ann Botash, MD, in Pediatric Annual, May 1997.)Of all victims of sexual assault reported to law enforcement agencies67% were under age 1834% were under age 1214% were under age 6Of offenders who victimized children under age 6, 40% were under age 18. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000.)Despite what children are taught about stranger danger, most child victims are abused by someone they know and trust. When the abuser is not a family member, the victim is more often a boy than a girl. The results of a three-stat e study of reported rape survivors under age 12 revealed the following about offenders:96% were known to their victims50% were acquaintances or friends20% were fathers16% were relatives4% were strangers(Advocates for Youth, 1995) Often, a parents connection (or lack thereof) to his/her child puts that child at greater risk of being sexually abused. The following characteristics are indicators of increased risk:parental inadequacyparental unavailabilityparent-child conflictthe poor parent-child relationship(David Finkelhor. Current Information on the Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse. The Future of Children, 1994)Children are most vulnerable to sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 13. (Finkelhor, 1994)Child sexual abuse involves coercion and occasionally violence. Perpetrators offer attention and gifts, manipulate or threaten the child, behave aggressively or use a combination of these tactics. In one study of child victims, half were subjected to a physical force such as being held down, struck, or violently shaken. (Judith Becker, Offenders: Characteristics and Treatment. The Future of Children, 1994.)Girls are the victims of incest and/or intrafamily sexual abuse much more frequently than boys. Betwe en 33-50% of perpetrators who sexually abuse girls are family members, while only 10-20% of those who sexually abuse boys are intrafamily perpetrators. Intrafamily abuse continues over a longer period of time than sexual abuse outside the family, and some forms such as parent-child abuse have more serious and lasting consequences.(Finkelhor, 1994.) Behavioral changes are often the first signs of sexual abuse. These can include nervous or aggressive behavior toward adults, early and age-inappropriate sexual provocativeness, alcohol consumption and the use of other drugs. Boys are more likely than girls to act out or behave in aggressive and antisocial ways. (Finkelhor, 1994.)The consequences of child sexual abuse are wide-ranging and varied. They can include:chronic depressionlow self-esteemsexual dysfunctionmultiple personalitiesAccording to the American Medical Association, 20% of all victims develop serious long-term psychological problems. They may take the form of:dissociative responses and other signs of post-traumatic stress syndromechronic states of arousalnightmaresflashbacksvenereal diseaseanxiety over sexfear of exposing the body during medical exams(Child Sexual Abuse: Does the Nation Face an Epidemic - or a Wave of Hysteria? CQ Researcher, 1993.) Sources Medline Plus: Child Sexual Abuse.  U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.  Child Sexual Abuse Statistics. National Center for Victims of Crime. Raising Awareness About Sexual Abuse: Facts and Statistics. Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender Public Website

Monday, November 4, 2019

Democratization of health care in Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Democratization of health care in Mexico - Essay Example Democratization of health care in Mexico Health challenges affect people of all groups although there are some significant differences in disease or risk factor rates among groups, which can be described as health disparities in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival and burden of health conditions that exist between specific population groups. These population groups are characterized by age, gender, ethnicity, income, social class, sexual orientation, disability and also geographical location. One of the most important influences on health status and risk is socioeconomic status (SES). This paper looks chronic illnesses on the high income and wealthy class of Mexicans, reviewing the current trends and outlining possible solutions. Background National health accounts developed in Mexico in the mid 1990’s showed that almost more than half of the health expenditure was out of what the citizens earned because approximately fifty percent of the population had no health insurance. Through applying these methods f rom the world health report 2000 to a series of national income and expenditure surveys, researchers showed that these high levels of spending from the savings were exposing Mexican to financially hard situations (Alcantara, April 2013). Approximately 4 million Mexican families in 2000 incurred impoverishing health expenditures. Mexico thus did not do well on the comparative analysis of fair financing internationally. These outcomes led policy-makers from the Department of Health to focus on health system financing and triggered analysis of the whole nation that indicated a high concentration of health expenditures in uninsured and poor households. However this did not fully solve the issues of health the country was yet to face. â€Å"According to 2010 census, Mexico’s population is now approximately 112, 336, 538, 000 inhabitants of which estimated 57, 500, 000 are women and 54,855,231 are men. Chronic illnesses are major causes of death in the overall population including heart disease, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, accidents, and renal failure. Some of the risk factors exposing citizens to these are smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity (Alcantara, 2013). In 2010, WHO indicates that high percentage of the population was overweight approximating to 68.3%.Among these obese cases, cholesterolemia, and high blood pressure were reported. In 2011, heart problems caused approximately 105 million deaths, ischemia caused 61.000 deaths followed by diabetes mellitus with 80,000 deaths, and 5,700 deaths were from suicide. In 2011, 12,960 smear tests were positive for TB. The report also indicates that there were 4,147 cases of AIDS in males and 1,116 in females in 2006. The prevalence of cancer in the population varies by gender. In men the most common types of cancer are trachea and lungs while the most common in women are breast cancer, cervical cancer and liver cancer. The most common predisposing factors are smoking, alcohol intake, environmental pollution and occupational exposure. In 2010, 15.6% of the population smoked including men and women† (Alcantara, April 2013). The state health report also point out that in 2010, 13.2% of kindergarten students and22.6% of third grade students in New Mexico were obese. In comparison, 18% of 6 to 11 year olds nationwide were obese. The average weight for kindergarten students in the obese category was about 20 pounds heavier than for those in the healthy weight category. The average weig

Friday, November 1, 2019

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Management - Essay Example Apart from corporate institutions, there have been other times when nations, states, municipals, companies and individuals have had the task of undertaking major developmental projects such as the construction of malls, stadiums, roads, bridges and so on. These are also projects that demand a carefully tailored project management scheme to ensure successful completion (Department of Defense, 2008). Among the core components of project management is the management of risk, including procurement risks. This paper shall therefore review the role of project management in ensuring success in project delivery; particularly with an emphasis on procurement in the supply chain management of projects. Overview of Project Management The need to manage projects is set rolling by the fact that there are projects to manage. It is just right to therefore first give an indication of what a project is. In the view of Smith (2009), â€Å"A project is a group of activities undertaken to meet one or mo re specific objectives.† This means that a project is made up of a series of tasks that must be delivered as a process rather than an event (Department of Defense, 2007). ... Among all the works that the project manager must do, risk management is one area that when slightly overlooked could lead to a lot of disastrous failure. The following sections therefore narrow the discussion on project management down to risk management with particular emphasis on the risk that comes with procurement. What is Risk? In project management, risk may simply be referred to as an uncertainty (Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996). This means that risks arise when in the course of the project delivery, certain uncertainties pull their heads. The Project Management Informed Solutions (2012) identifies two major sources of project risks, which they claim come from dependencies and assumptions. With reference to dependencies, there could be both external and internal dependencies to the project and each of these could result in major uncertainties that are unknown to the project manager. This brings to context, the discussion on procurement as a major entity that possesses a lot of ris k to project managers. The reason why this is so is that in procurement, project managers hardly have any infleucne on the external manipulations that will be associated with the process. For instance once the bidding process in opened and a procuring company is landed upon, all the determinants of the items that are being sourced to be delivered becomes dependant on the procuring agent rather than the delivering company. Ultimately, risk could therefore be given as the product of impact and probability. There shall later be detailed discussion on probability and impact as the component of risk. Importance of Risk in all Projects Having

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Labor Management and Personnel Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Labor Management and Personnel Work - Essay Example Behavioral management theory has been modified over time, to incorporate more cognitive and agenetic theories that are inclusive of an individual's socio and physical environment (Stroh, Northcraft, & Neal, 2001). As such, behavioural management theory provides guidance as to management and employee personal and occupational development, and in the identification of employee and target market expectations and needs. This paper will propose a qualitative investigation of job satisfaction among employees at a local bank. Firstly, a literature review will identify current knowledge to justify the design chosen. Secondly, the method will outline the proposed design, variables, materials, ethical considerations and procedure. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points of the paper and demonstrate the important implications of conducting this study to enhance employee work experiences and to increase workplace efficiency. Behavioral management is a psychological approach to understanding and explaining human behavior; within the organizational setting, the general theory has been used for performance management. Corporations have used the theory to define work behaviors that are considered the most effective to get the job done (Coffs, 1997). Behavioral analysis incorporates a set of concepts and methods that can help to establish efficient and harmonious workplace environments. Behavior analysis concepts help us understand how people function within the realities of the world they live in. Drawing also on general systems concepts, behavioural management theory aids in understanding the reasons why an employee takes a course of action that they do, as well as informing management as to how to determine training needs; and how to communicate positive and negative feedback on employee's performance (Wilson, Lizzio, Whicker, Gallois, & Price, 2003).Importantly, and some say unfounded, job satisfaction h as become the work attitude to be investigated by a majority of researchers seeking to establish a relationship between employee attitudes and workplace efficiency (Wright, 2006). Such study reveals information about the person as an employee, as well as a social entity. "Attitudes," "motives," "values," "perceptions," "personality characteristics," "intelligence," and "performance outcomes," can describe an employee in terms that management can apply to overall business strategies (Kane, 1996).Toyota Ltd takes a critical approach to investigating employee perceptions of work satisfaction. The give each employee a questionnaire for self-evaluation and management feeds back their interpretations, often, the employee might have a different target set as compared to management in terms of performance (Toyota Industries, 2004). Strengths are recognized, and the employee is mentored to work on their weaknesses so as to improve performance. Continuous improvement is always the goal for a company, and in terms of people it is recommended to train and re-train, rather than

Monday, October 28, 2019

Nations Essay Example for Free

Nations Essay The debate over a national bank raged on for many years. These two selections illustrate the raging debate between two of the nation’s most vocal politicians. They illuminate a common theme throughout American history, namely the debate surrounding the strength of the federal government. To be sure, the focus is on the creation of a national debate, but the underlying debate about federalism underlies much of early American history. Thomas Jefferson’s states rights approach to government could not be more evident in this selection. Jefferson expresses concerns about affording too many powers to the national government. Per Jefferson’s usual rhetoric, he makes the threat of a totalitarian regime seem almost guaranteed. Jefferson cites the Constitution to show that those duties not specifically given to the federal government ought to be given to the states. Hamilton takes the contrary view. He suggests that all powers not given to the states should logically fall back to the national government. Alexander Hamilton was a staunch supporter of a strong national government and his quest for a national bank is perhaps the apex of his political leanings. Hamilton concludes that interpreting the Constitution liberally allows for service of the public good. These documents combine to underscore the fiery passions of the men deciding the course of the nation. To this day, the debates over the federal government’s powers rage on. Now we see debates about the re-regulation or de-regulation of industry, the ability of the federal government to legislate on a variety of social issues, and the role of legal preemption. Some debates never die down, they simply change form. In these pieces we also see the formation of a clear political ideology that will characterize political debates between the nation’s two major political parties: Democrats and Republicans. States rights and federal powers underlie much of the current political debates seen in the papers and on television. Jefferson is taking what would now be characterized as a Republican position, supporting less federal involvement in favor of giving states the right to decide their own policies. The formation of the Republican Party began years ago with debates much like this. The Democratic Party prizes a strong national government that looks out for the citizenry. Alexandria Hamilton cites the popular Democratic mantra of â€Å"public benefits. † One can see this rhetoric in debates over national health care policies and education policy. To think, early on these issues defined a nation and were not afterthoughts in larger partisan battles. This is perhaps where Jefferson was correct. He may have been quick to jump to conclusions about tyranny, but it may have been that bombastic rhetoric that kept society cognizant of what was at stake. The historical record is replete with a deeper understanding of issues that is so often lost in today’s world of sound bites, press conferences, and blogs. Jefferson and Hamilton’s speeches illustrate just how important the basic concept of life, liberty, and justice were. They also illustrate how these ideas are forgotten in today’s debates. Jefferson and Hamilton represent two opposing forces in American history. The debate over a national bank was the focal point of this debate for some time. The national bank debate represents a window into the past that can illuminate the present. Federalism is still a significant concern today.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

How does the concentration of sucrose affect the weight Essay -- GCSE

How does the concentration of sucrose affect the weight of pieces of potato after osmosis has taken place? Aim The aim of this is experiment is to investigate how much sucrose is in a potato. We are going to investigate the effect of different concentrations of sucrose on the weights of pieces of potato after osmosis has taken place. Prediction I predict that the less concentrated the solution of sucrose is, the greater the weight of the potato will be. I predict this because osmosis is the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane i.e. the cell wall of the potato. If the concentration of water inside the potato is high then the water will pass out through the cell wall, decreasing the weight of the potato. If the concentration of water outside of the potato is high then the water from outside of the potato will pass through the cell wall into the potato, thus increasing the weight of the potato. A low concentration of sucrose will have a greater ratio of water to sucrose, so more water will pass thorough into the potato in an attempt to even up the amounts of water and sucrose on both sides. If the concentration of sucrose outside of the potato is high then there will be less water to pass through into the potato and the potato will therefore lose water from inside in an attempt to even up the concentrations of sucrose and water on both sides. If the cell has lost water then it will not weigh as much as a cell full of water as the cell will be flaccid. If the cell has gained water then it will be turgid and will weigh more. The higher the concentration of the sugar solution, the faster osmosis will take place. I think this because the more sugar in the water, the longer it will take for it to balance out. Some background information Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration (lots of water particles) to an area of low concentration (few water particles). It is only the movement of water, as only water particles are small enough to pass through the semi-permeable cell membrane of the plant. Osmosis makes plants cells swell up if they are surrounded by a weak solution i.e. a lot of water, and they therefore become turgid. This is useful in giving support for cells and opening stomatal guard cel... ...in that will affect the next measurement. Our results were also left by a window, so the temperature could have been affected if the window was open or the weather outside was hot. To improve this experiment next time we can also make sure that we leave the test tubes in the test tube racks nowhere near anything that will affect the temperature i.e. a heater or a window. The conclusion may only be valid only within a certain range, if we were to use even more precise concentrations of sucrose solution then we can eventually find out the precise concentration that provides the correct answer. The concentrations used were slightly too vague as I had to say that the answer must lie between two amounts. However, if we were to improve the experiment by narrowing down the concentrations we will use even more then this will be time-consuming and very tedious. Therefore, it will not be a good idea to try and improve the experiment in this way. To extend this investigation we can also experiment changing the following variables: Þ Temperature of the experiment Þ Surface area of the pieces of potato Þ Weight of the potato Þ How long the experiment is left for.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Gabriela Mistral :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriela Mistral was an extraordinary woman. Her life was filled with tragedy but she turned her experiences into beautiful poetry. Her poetry reflected many things about who Gabriela Mistral was and what had happened to her throughout her life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gabriela Mistral was born on April 7, 1889 in Vicuà ±a, Chile. When she was only three years old, her father abandoned her family. She attended a rural primary school and the Vicuà ±a state secondary school. By the age of sixteen, she started to support herself and her mother by working as a teachers aide. Gabriela Mistral is only a pen name for Lucila Godoy Alcayaga. She took the name from her two favorite poets: Gabriele D’Annunzio and Frà ©dà ©ric Mistral. She was the first Latin American to receive the Nobel Prize for literature (1945). After the suicide of her lover, Romelio Ureta, she lived a life of self-described desolation. Although she wanted it, she never experienced motherhood. She did adopt a child but it later died. She taught at Colombia University, and Vassar College. In 1930, she was a visiting professor at Barnard College in New York City. She also became the principal of Santiago High School. Her first text was la Voz de Elqui and Diario Radical de Coqui mbo in 1905. Her second work was called Desolacià ³n. Soon after she accepted her post at Santiago, she was invited to work in Mexico on a plan to reform the libraries and the schools. She lived primarily in France and Italy during 1925 to 1934. She also worked for the League for Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations between 1922 and 1938. She was the honorary consult for Brazil, Spain, Portugal and the U.S. In 1933 she entered the Chilean Foreign Service and was appointed by the government of Chile as a sort of ambassador-at-large for the Latin American Culture. During World War two, she became friends with Stefan Zweig and his wife. Later they committed suicide in Rio de Janeiro. Also her nephew, Juan Miguel killed himself. Because of poor health, she was forced to retire to her home in New York. She died on January 10, 1957, at the age of sixty-seven. She died of cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like most people, Gabriela Mistral wrote poems about her life experiences or what she holds to be true. In her poem â€Å"Dolor†, which is from the Desolacià ³n collection, she expresses her feelings on the death of her lover.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus Essay

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or Modern Prometheus (1831) is considered as one of the oldest yet significantly popularized literature that symbolizes the tandem of Victor Frankenstein and the Creature. The horrendous creation, Frankenstein –the Modern Prometheus, is used to symbolize Mary Shelley’s time period wherein men are continuously advancing the level of possible knowledge present in their society. From the scientist Victor Frankenstein to the monster named as the Creature, Shelley creates an innovative argument that illustrates the trends of the progressive industrialization in European countries. Shelley’s Frankenstein involves with the societal dilemma of men’s overreaching efforts against the limitations of science and Mother Nature by initiating actions to dehumanize the conception of life. II. Brief Summary Shelley’s Frankenstein had give birth to physically deformed being with the sensations and needs similar to a human being. After abandoning his creation due to its horrendous look, Victor, the creature’s creator, heard the occurrence of death of his brother William. Frankenstein blamed the monster for his brother’s death, which further advanced to the death of his fiance – Elizabeth Lavenza. Victor tried to avenge the deaths of his beloved; however, he was not able succeed. By the end of the story, Victor felt very ill and eventually died. Walton found the monster after the death of Victor mourning the death of his creator. III. Judgment and Evaluation In Shelly’s version of Frankenstein, there were two essential literary implications that illustrate the purpose of the story: (1) the symbolism of men’s progressive scientific revolution and (1) concluding the outcomes of industrial revolution. IV. Support In the first argument, Shelley illustrates Vincent Frankenstein as the portrayal of men’s over-exceeding desire of power. Shelley utilized the role of Victor to illustrate the capacity of knowledge to violate the concept of life. Furthermore, Shelly even illustrated the possibilities of breaking the limitations of men over the godly and mortal realms. One of Shelley’s influential inspirations in the novel of Frankenstein was John Milton’s Paradise Lost (1667) wherein the character of god was referred to role of â€Å"the victor†, which defined as â€Å"the triumphant one, the winner, the ruler. † Meanwhile, Frankenstein was patterned from Milton’s lonesome illustration of Victor; hence, he became subdued by the hopes of creating a companion through science. â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (Shelley, 53). † In the second argument, Frankenstein also symbolized the social trends and the prevailing concepts of the European society during its scientific revolutionary age. Frankenstein illustrated the modern anxieties and fears about the possible outcomes of industrialization and science, and their impacts on ethics and morals of human. In the 18th century, readers considered Shelly’s Frankenstein as an allegorical illustration of ethical nature versus industrialization and scientific revolution.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Pygmalion Act Iiii Essays - Pygmalion, English-language Films, ELIZA

Pygmalion Act Iiii Essays - Pygmalion, English-language Films, ELIZA Pygmalion Act Iiii The trio return to Higgins' Wimpole Street laboratory, exhausted from the night's happenings. They talk about the evening and their great success, though Higgins seems rather bored, more concerned with his inability to find slippers. While he talks absentmindedly with Pickering, Eliza slips out, returns with his slippers, and lays them on the floor before him without a word. When he notices them, he thinks that they appeared out of nowhere. Higgins and Pickering begin to speak as if Eliza is not there with them, saying how happy they are that the entire experiment is over, agreeing that it had become rather boring in the last few months. The two of them then leave the room to go to bed. Eliza is clearly hurt (Eliza's beauty turns murderous, say the stage directions), but Higgins and Pickering are oblivious to her. Higgins pops back in, once again mystified over what he has done with his slippers, and Eliza promptly flings them in his face. Eliza is mad enough to kill him; she thinks that she is no more important to him than his slippers. At Higgins' retort that she is presumptuous and ungrateful, she answers that no one has treated her badly, but that she is still left confused about what is to happen to her now that the bet has been won. Higgins says that she can always get married or open that flower shop (both of which she eventually does), but she replies by saying that she wishes she had been left where she was before. She goes on to ask whether her clothes belong to her, meaning what can she take away with her without being accused of thievery. Higgins is genuinely hurt, something that does not happen to him often. She returns him a ring he bought for her, but he throws it into the fireplace. After he leaves, she finds it again, but then leaves it on the dessert stand and departs. If we consider the conventional structure of a romance or fairy tale, the story has really already reached its climax by this point, because Cinderella has been turned into a princess, and the challenge has been met. Then why does the play carry on for another two acts? This would appear completely counter- productive, only if one thinks that this play is only about changing appearances. The fact that the play carries on indicates that there are more transformations in Eliza to be witnessed: this act shows the birth of an independent spirit in the face of Higgins' bullying superiority. The loosely set-up dichotomy between people and objects (i.e., whether Higgins treats people like people or objects) is brought to a head when Eliza flings his slippers in his face, and complains that she means no more to him than his slippersYou don't care. I know you don't care. You wouldn't care if I was dead. I'm nothing to younot so much as them slippers. Not only does she object to being treated like an object, she goes on to assert herself by saying that she would never sell herself, like Higgins suggests when he tells her she can go get married. This climactic move forces Higgins to reconsider what a woman can be, and, as he confesses in the final act, marks the beginning of his considering Eliza to be an equal rather than a burden. One thing to consider in this act is why Shaw has chosen not to portray the climax at the ambassador's party where Eliza can prove how well she has been instructed by Higgins (although his movie screenplay does allow for a scene at the embassy). One reason is that most theatrical productions do not have the capacity to stage an opulent, luxurious ball just for a short scene. But another reason is that Shaw's intention is to rob the story of its romance. We are spared the actual training of Eliza as well as her moment of glory (that is, both the science and the magic); instead, all we get is scenes of her pre- and post- the dramatic climax.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Case Study Zara the Technology Giant of the Fashion World Essay Example

Case Study Zara the Technology Giant of the Fashion World Essay Example Case Study Zara the Technology Giant of the Fashion World Essay Case Study Zara the Technology Giant of the Fashion World Essay Question and discussion As complete as possible, sketch the supply chain for Zara from raw materials to consumer purchase. Raw material – High tech automated cutting facilities – Small workshops – Ware houses – Stores – customers – Stores – Commercial managers Raw material Zara makes 40 percent of its own fabrics and produces more than half of its own clothes (maximize time efficiency) Cuts fabric in-house As it completes designs, Zara cuts fabric in-house. The cutting is done in Zara’s own high-tech automated cutting facilities. Local co-operatives The cut pieces are distributed for assembly to a network of small workshops (350 workshops, 11,000 workers). Workshops are provided with a set of easy to follow instructions, which enable them to quick sew up the pieces and provide a constant stream to Zara’s garment finishing and packing facilities. Thus, what takes months for other companies, takes no more than a few days for Zara. Clothing items are wrapped in plastic and transported on conveyor belts to a group of giant warehouses. Ware houses Zara’s warehouses are a vision of modern automation as swift and efficient as any automotive or customer electronics plant. The computerized system sorts, packs, labels, and allocate clothing items to every one of Zara’s 1,495 stores. Stores For stores within a 24-hours drive, Zara delivers goods by truck, whereas it ships merchandise via cargo jet to stores farther away. Each stores receives deliveries twice a week, so after being produced the merchandise does not spend more than a week at most in transit. Commercial managers Everyday store managers report hot fads to headquarters. Thus, store managers help shape design by ensuring that the creative teams have real-time information based on the observed tastes of actual customers. What the garment will look like? What fabric it will be made out of? What it will cost? What price it will sell? Discuss the concepts of horizontal and vertical conflict as they related to Zara. Vertical marketing systems provide channel leadership and consist of procedures, wholesalers, and retailers acting as a unified system. Horizontal marketing systems are when two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity. Zaras parent company owns the manufacturing plants, warehouse facilities, retail outlets, and design studios, it can dictate the priorities and objectives of that supply chain and thus conflict is lessened. And each of these levels are leaded by Zara headquarter, so all the process in each level can be flexible. Which type of vertical marketing system does Zara employ? List all the benefits that Zara receives by having adopted this system. The portion of its supply chain that Zara owns and controls is called a corporate vertical marketing system. A corporate VMS integrates successive stages of production and distribution under single ownership. Benefits from corporate VMS for Zara: Time saving Keeping inventories low More flexible More efficient Low cost Small risk High revenue Honor (good name) Process controlling 4. Does Zara experience disadvantages from its â€Å"fast-fashion† distribution system? Are these disadvantages offset by the advantages? Disadvantage: Collections are small and often sell out. Advantage: Creating an air of exclusivity and leading the customers to very high levels of repeat patronage. Disadvantage: The company designs and cuts its fabric in-house and it acquires fabrics in only four colors. Advantage: But it helps to keep costs low. Zara postpones dyeing and printing designs until close to manufacture, thereby reducing waste and minimizing the need to clear unsold inventories. Disadvantage: Doesn’t use Asian cheap outsourcing. Zara’s competitors, through outsourcing to Asian countries such as China, sacrifice the benefits of proximity for low labor and production costs. Zara use 17-20% more expensive European (Spain) manufactures. Advantage: However, Zara has disadvantage in its cost, there is a lack of flexibility in changing orders based on current trends hinders their operational efficiencies in its competitors. Zara does have a competitive advantage over its competitors in regards to operations. How does Zara add value for the customer through major logistics functions? Such a retail concept depends on the regular creation and rapid replenishment of small batches of new goods. Zaras designers create approximately 40,000 new designs annually, from which 10,000 are selected for production Customers who are wearing Zara, undoubtedly sure itself to wear hot and brand new fashion based upon their request.